Download Άλλα Ονόματα Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Τόπος και Χρόνος

IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
Συγγραφή :
Στεφανίδου Βέρα
Μετάφραση :
Χρυσανθόπουλος Δημήτριος
Για παραπομπή :
Στεφανίδου Βέρα , "Sertorius", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=9763>
Περίληψη :
Roman military officer (123-72 BC) who defied the senate and became an independent governor of the Roman province of Hispania. He joined forces
with Mithridates VI and the pirates of Cilicia.
Άλλα Ονόματα
Sertorius Quintus
Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης
123 BC, Italy
Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου
72 BC, Spain
Κύρια Ιδιότητα
Roman military officer
1. Biographical information - Activity
Sertorius descended from a noble family. He was born in the town of Nursia, in the Sabine territory. His life and activity are directly
related to the Roman province of Hispania Ulterior. During the Italian or Social war (91-88 BC), he joined forces with the Roman
statesman-general Lucius Cornelius Cinna and participated in the attack against Rome (87 BC). As consul, he assumed control over
the province of Hispania (83 BC), which he abandoned when Sulla sent two legions against him. He fled to Mauretania with 3,000
soldiers and seems to have joined forces with the pirates of Cilicia, who controlled the entire coastline.1 He returned to Hispania in 80
BC upon request of the Hispanian population of Lusitania.
Sertorius considered himself as the legitimate governor of the province of Hispania, ousted by Sulla’s revolution. He had many secret
followers in Rome, such as Marcus Lepidus, who tried to join forces with him against Sulla. With the support of the indigenous
population of Hispania and the self-exiled Italians of the province, he managed to oust Quintus Metellus Pius, the appointed by the
senate governor. Using guerrilla tactics, he managed to take control over the whole of Hispania in 77 BC.
As a Roman governor, he tried to encourage the Hispanian population to adopt the Roman way of life. He treated the chiefs of the
Hispanian tribes as Roman patricians, founded schools in the city of Osca2 in order to educate their children according to Roman
standards and established a senate of 300 members, Italians and Hispanians alike.
Following Pompey’s arrival (77/76 BC) and despite Sertorius’ initial military successes against him, the continuous war against
Pompey and Metellus’ combined army (120,000 infantrymen, 6,000 cavalrymen and 2,000 archers) seemed to wear down
Sertorius’ army. In about 74 BC, he established diplomatic contacts with Mithridates VI, who possessed a powerful navy and a
plethora of financial resources. Although Sertorius desperately needed Mithridates’ financial aid, he did not consent to the king’s
demand to seize the Roman province of Asia. However, he promised him Cappadocia and Bithynia in exchange for 3,000 talents and
40 ships.3
Sertorius was assassinated in 72 BC by M.V. Perperna (who envied Sertorius’ position and abilities) and other conspirators, during a
celebration feast. Following Sertorius’ assassination, Perperna took command of the army and tried unsuccessfully to continue the
war.
2. Evaluation – Opinions
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IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
Συγγραφή :
Στεφανίδου Βέρα
Μετάφραση :
Χρυσανθόπουλος Δημήτριος
Για παραπομπή :
Στεφανίδου Βέρα , "Sertorius", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=9763>
Ancient historians make mention of Sertorius' determination, his administrative and military qualities and his dedication to the
Hispanian people. He gained the support of the local tribes thanks to his bravery, fairness and ability to take advantage of their
superstitions, since they considered his tame white deer a sign of divine protection. His Hispanian followers spoke of him as the “new
Hannibal”. Thanks to Sartorius’ activity, Hispania was separated in political terms from the central power of Rome. However,
Hispania was heavily influenced by Rome and Sertorius’ administration had an impact on the Hispanian coin minting.4 Sertorius’
alliance with the pirates of Cilicia and Mithridates VI alarmed the Roman state because its most dangerous enemies joined forces
against it.
1. Souza, P. de, Piracy in the Graeco-Roman World (Cambridge 1999), pp. 132-134.
2. Strab. 3.4.10; Velleius 2.30.1.
3. Diod. S. 37.38.22a.
4. Villaronga, L., Corpus Nummum Hispaniae Ante Augusti Aetatem, επιμ. Herrero, J.A. (Madrit 1994)· Crawford, H.M., Coinage and Money under the
Roman Republic, Italy and the Mediterranean Economy (Berkeley - Los Angeles 1985), σελ. 209-14.
Βιβλιογραφία :
Mommsen Τ., The History of Rome, 4 Vol., London 1901, Dickenson, W.P. (trans.)
Beltràn L.F., "La ‘pietas’ de Sertorio", Gerión, 8, 1990, 211-226
Bennett W.H., "The Death of Sertorius and the Coin", Historia, 10, 1961, 459-472
Gabba E., "Le origini della Guerra Sociale e la vita politica Romana dopo l’89 A.C.", Athenaeum, 32, 1954,
41-114
Gaggero G., "Sertorio e gli Iberi", Contributi di storia antica in onore di Albino Garzetti, Genova 1976,
125-156
Garcia F.M., "Mithridates y Sertorio", Florentia Iliberritana, 2, 1991, 215 – 223
Hillman T.P., "The Serpent under the Flower. Pompeius Strabo and Q. Sertorius, 89-87 B.C.", Studies in
Latin Literature and Roman History, 8, 1997, 85-115
Katz B.R., "Sertorius, Caesar and Sallus", ActaAntHung, 29, 1981, 285-313
Katz B.R., "Notes on Sertorius", RhM, 126, 1983, 44-58
Katz B.R., "Sertorius’ Overlooked Correspondent?", RhM, 126, 1983, 359-362
Konrad C., Plutarch’s Sertorius: A Historical Commentary, Chapel Hill 1994
Rostovtzeff M., Ρωμαϊκή Ιστορία, Αθήνα 1984, Β. Κάλφογλου (μετ.)
Schulten A., Sertorius, Leipzig 1926
Wylie G., "The Genius and the sergeant. Sertorius versus Pompey", Deroux, C. , Studies in Latin Literature
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IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ
Συγγραφή :
Στεφανίδου Βέρα
Μετάφραση :
Χρυσανθόπουλος Δημήτριος
Για παραπομπή :
Στεφανίδου Βέρα , "Sertorius", Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=9763>
and Roman History, 6, Bruxelles 1992, Collection Latomus , 145-162
Δικτυογραφία :
Sertorius
http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/sertoriu.html
Γλωσσάριo :
1. talent, the, 2. ingot, the
1. Numismatic weight measurement. A silver talent was equal to 60 mnai or 6000 drachmas.
2. A block of metal that is cast in a standard shape for convenient storage or shipment.
consul, -lis
An official of the Roman state. In the period of the Republic, it was the highest military and political office: two consuls were elected each year. The
consular office survived into the Imperial period (and further into the early Byzantine period), becoming a honorary post.
senate, the
The top political body of the Roman state. During the early Republic, it was represented by the council of the consuls, the top archons of the roman
state. Later on, its power and responisibilities increased. As a result, it became the main governmental body of Rome. However, during the Imperial
period, the responsibilities of the senate were restricted.
Πηγές
Plutarch, Lives: Sertorius, eds. T.E. Page, E. Capps, W.H.D. Rouse, L.A. Post, E.H. Warmington, Vol. 8 (The Loeb Classical Library, London –
Cambridge Massachusetts 1959).
Χρονολόγιο
123 BC: Sertorius is born in Nursia, Italy
91-88 BC: Sertorius joins forces with Lucius Cornelius Cinna during the Social war
87 BC: Sertorius participates in the attack against Rome
83 BC: Sertorius becomes consul and assumes control of the province of Hispania. He flees to Mauretania following Sulla’s attack
80 BC: Sertorius returns to Hispania
77 BC: With the support of the indigenous population, Sertorius ousts the appointed by the senate governor and takes control over
the whole of Hispania
77/76 BC: Pompey arrives in Hispania and repeatedly attacks Sertorius
74 BC: Sertorius seeks aid from Mithridates VI
72 BC: Sertorius is assassinated by M.V. Perperna
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