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Purpose of statistical analysis Summarizing univariate data Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, variance, etc) Exploring relationships between variables Testing significance of differences Form of data Number of groups Frequencies Measurements One: mean compared to a specified value Number of variables Number of variables One-sample t-test One: compared to theoretical distribution Two: tested for association Two: degree of relationship Chi-square goodness-of-fit test Chi-square test for association Level of measurement Ordinal Spearman's rho Two Independent samples Related samples Form of data Form of data Multiple: effect of 2+ predictors on a dependant variable Multiple regression Multiple Ordinal Interval Mann-Whitney U test Independentsamples t-test Ordinal Independent samples One independent variable Multiple independent variables One-way ANOVA Multifactorial ANOVA Related samples Repeatedmeasures ANOVA Interval Interval Pearson's correlation cooeficient Wilcoxon matchedpairs test Figure 9. Choosing an appropriate statistical procedure Pairedsamples t-test Source: Corston and Colman (2000)