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By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY The Geography of Rome Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians) The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE Providing political and social rights for the plebeians. The Roman Forum Rome’s Early Road System Roman Roads: The Appian Way Roman Aqueducts The Roman Colosseum The Colosseum Interior Circus Maximus Carthaginian Empire Hannibal’s Route Expansion of Empire • Romans conquest of GAUL by Julius Caesar gave new areas autonomy and used Roman senators as Governors • BUT: peasant farmers worked in military, had lands taken away by others and the new wealth went to the upper class…the poor ended up in Rome looking for work and were ready to riot! Military Reformer Gaius Marius • recruited an army from the poor and homeless. • professional standing army loyal only to him. • Now it was a free-for-all… whoever could get the loyalty of the army, could be consul! The First Triumvirate Julius Caesar Marcus Licinius Crassus Gaius Magnus Pompey Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar Pompey Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast! Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor The First Roman Dynasty Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE The Rise of Christianity St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles The Spread of Christianity Imperial Roman Road System The Empire in Crisis: 3c Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE Constantine: 312 - 337 Constantinople: “The 2nd Rome” (Founded in 330) Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God” Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian The Byzantine Emperor Justinian The Legacy of Rome Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language Roman Catholic Church City Planning Romanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering • Aqueducts • Sewage systems • Dams • Cement • Arch