Download Treatment and Rehabilitation for Drug

Prevention, Treatment and
Rehabilitation for DrugDependent Offenders
Anna McG. Chisman, Ph.D.
Head, Demand Reduction
Executive Secretariat CICAD/SMS
March 2010
Drug use among offenders
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Few data available on drug use by
offenders in most OAS countries
In those countries for which we have
estimates, illicit drug use is
significantly higher among offenders
than among the general population*
Drug use juvenile offenders vs.
general population, in Chile*
Last year prevalence of use of any
drug:
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*
Juvenile offenders = 70.11%
General population = 6.98%
General population survey, CONACE, Min. Interior, Chile,
2004; juvenile offenders, SENAME survey, 2006
Drug-related offending: a
conceptual model *
1.
2.
3.
4.
Offending to support an individual’s
drug-taking habit (acquisitive crime)
Criminal behavior committed under the
influence of drugs (and/or alcohol)
Low-level drug dealing (supply offenses)
Drug law offenses
* Goldstein, Paul (1985, 1992)
Drug-related offending and drug
abuse – A Canadian study*
1. Offending to support a drug-taking habit
= approx. 38% of offenders with
substance abuse problems
2. Current offense under the influence of
drugs (and/or alcohol) = approx. 66% of
offenders with substance abuse problems
* Correctional Service Canada (Oct. 09)
(Data from 2002-2007)
Drug dependence*
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A chronic relapsing disease
Cluster of behavioural, cognitive and
physiological phenomena that develop
after repeated substance use & that
typically include a strong desire to take
the drug, difficulties in controlling its use,
persisting in its use despite harmful
consequences, a higher priority given to
drug use than to other activities and
obligations, increased tolerance, and
sometimes a physical withdrawal state
(WHO)
Drug dependence
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Because it is a chronic relapsing
disorder, drug dependence and drug
seeking do not stop at intake to the
corrections system!
Drug use often continues in prison,
and requires treatment
Treatment and rehabilitation of
drug dependent offenders within
the corrections system
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Detoxification & clinical care
Mental health care when needed
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Job-training, education & literacy
Family support
Resettlement and aftercare in the
community
The political/policy issue
Why provide treatment & rehabilitation
programs for drug-involved prisoners?
Research in Canada, US, Australia &
Europe shows that drug treatment in
prison can lower:
Recidivism, and
Relapse into drug use*
CICAD actions
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Supported creation of drug treatment
programs in prisons in Guatemala, Peru, &
St. Vincent & the Grenadines (funds,
technical assistance)
Exchanges of best practices (CICAD
regular sessions, workshops in the
Caribbean and Central America)
Declaration of Principles on Drug
Treatment, and on Drug Treatment in
Prisons
CICAD
Expert Task Force developed survey
instruments to estimate drug use &
related behaviors among:
 Arrestees (modeled on US Adam)
 Juvenile offenders (validated in
Chile)
 Convicted adult prisoners
 Adult prisoners who have not been
convicted
CICAD actions
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Development of clinical guidelines on
treatment for different populations
Standards of care in drug treatment
(licensing of facilities)
Support for development of treatment
alternatives to incarceration for drugdependent offenders
Training and certification of drug
treatment counsellors