Download Practicum on Kohlberg`s Stages of Moral Development

General views on the nature of psychological changes in adulthood
Persistence ModelThe
theoretical view that suggests that
adults acquire attitudes and
behaviors early in life and tend not
to change them later.
Openness ModelThe
theoretical view that suggests that
adults change their attitudes and
behaviors to adjust to changing life
situations.
Source: Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Customs followed by some immigrant women in families in the
maternity ward in the United States.
Origin
Description of the custom followed by
some (sometimes many or most) people
A child is not supposed to be seen by
Russia
strangers for at least 1 month to protect
the infant from the “evil eye”
A new mother should not be exposed to
Vietnam
cold because it disrupts the equilibrium
they believe is crucial to good health.
Muslim
Examination or delivery must not be
Countries
done by male health workers
Several African
The tradition is to take the placenta
countries
home and bury it
Latin American
Women do not breast-feed in the first
countries
couple of days after delivery
Source: Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Handout: The Periods of Human Development.
Prenatal period
From
conception
to birth. Takes
approximately
266 days in
every ethnic,
racial, or social
group
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
From birth to
2 years. The
child acquires
initial motor,
cognitive,
and social
skills
From 2 to 1112 years.
The child
acquires
language and
learns about
the most
important
social skills.
From 11-12
to 19-20
years. The
child has
reached
sexual
maturity but
has not yet
taken on
rights and
responsibiliti
es of the adult
status.
From 20 years
onward. The
individual has
achieved adult
status as
prescribed by
the norms and
laws of a
particular
society
Handout: Developmental stages according to Erikson.
Stage
Ego Crisis
Age
Positive Outcome
1
Basic Trust versus Mistrust
0-1
Hope
2
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
2-3
Will
3
Initiative versus Guilt
3-5
Purpose
4
Industry versus Inferiority
5-12
Competence
5
Ego Identity versus Role Confusion
Adolescence
Fidelity
6
Intimacy versus Isolation
Young Adult
Love
7
Generativity versus Stagnation
Adulthood
Care
8
Ego Integrity versus Despair
Maturity
Wisdom
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(Source: Based on E. H. Erikson, Childhood and Society, 1950.)
Table 8.2. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
Stage 1. Preconventional level. Judgments about what is
right and what is wrong are based on fear of punishment.
Stage 2. Preconventional level. Moral conduct produces
pleasure,
whereas
immoral
conduct
results
in
unwanted
consequences.
Stage 3. Conventional level. Any behavior is good if it is
approved by significant others.
Stage 4. Conventional level. The existing laws determine
what is moral and immoral.
Stage 5. Postconventional level. Moral behavior is based
on individual rights and underlying social circumstances.
Stage
6.
Postconventional
level.
Moral
conduct
is
regulated by universal ethical principles that may rise above
government and laws.
Practicum on Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
Stage 1. Preconventional level. Judgments
about what is right and what is wrong are based
on fear of punishment. Example: “I don’t drive
above the speed limit because I could be easily
caught.”
Stage 2. Preconventional level. The
assumption is that moral conduct produces
satisfaction, whereas immoral conduct results in
unwanted consequences. Example: “I don’t
drive above the speed limit because I could get
into an accident.”
Stage 3. Conventional level. Any behavior is
good if it is approved by significant others.
Example: “I don’t drive above the speed limit
because this is how I was taught to drive”
Stage 4. Conventional level. The existing
laws determine what is moral and immoral.
Example: “I don’t drive above the speed limit
because otherwise I would violate the law.”
Stage 5.
Postconventional level. Moral
behavior is based on interpretations of
individual rights and underlying social
circumstances. Example: “I don’t drive above
the speed limit because what if everyone else
begins to violate traffic rules?”
Stage 6. Postconventional level. Moral
conduct is regulated by universal ethical
principles that may rise above government and
laws. Example: “I don’t drive above the speed
limit because I think by doing this I could save
someone’s life.”
Source: Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Class exercise. Topic: Culture and concerns about own
attractiveness.
When you were a child, were you satisfied with these
physical characteristics and parts of your body? Did
people around you expressed similar concerns about their
bodies?
Source: Shiraev E. and Levy, D. Cross-Cultural Psychology. (2007). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Hair texture and color
Eyes
Ears
Nose
Teeth
Mouth
Chin
Arms
Body built
Waist
Thighs
Shape of legs