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Atoms and Matter (Chemistry) Unit Vocabulary Concept/Vocabulary Word Definition Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Atom The building blocks from which everything is made; consists of a proton, electron, and neutron Element A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances (O = oxygen) Periodic Table A table of all the known elements listed by the structure of their atoms Compound A pure substance made up of groups of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together (H2O = water) Mixture Two or more different substances which are mixed but are not chemically bonded (cinnamon sugar) Mass The quantity of matter an object or substance is made up of Volume The amount of space a substance occupies Weight Mass x gravitational acceleration of the Earth (9.8 m/s2) Density Mass divided by Volume (d=m/v) State of matter A form in which matter can exist (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) Gas A state of matter in which the atomic particles are far apart; no definite shape, no definite volume Liquid A state of matter in which the atomic particles are in small clusters but can move apart from each other; no definite shape, definite volume Solid A state of matter in which the atomic particles vibrate, but do not move and are bonded together; definite shape, definite volume Plasma Gas-like substance made up of positively and negatively charged particles Condensation The process by which a gas turns into a liquid Evaporation The process by which a liquid turns into a gas Melting The process by which a solid turns into a liquid Freezing The process by which a liquid turns into a solid Sublimation The process by which a solid turns into a gas (e.g., dry ice) Deposition The process by which a gas turns into a solid (e.g, snow) Physical change An action which does NOT cause a change to the molecular composition of the substance (e.g., water freezing into ice) Chemical change An action which causes a change to the molecular composition of a substance (e.g, a log burning into ash)