Download BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW PACKET Chapter 1 Vocabulary

BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW PACKET
Chapter 1 Vocabulary
hypothesis –
multicellular –
controlled experiment –
sexual reproduction –
theory –
asexual reproduction –
cell –
homeostasis –
unicellular –
Major Concepts from Chapter 1
1. What are the basic metric units?
2. What are the characteristics of living things?
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
monomer –
nucleic acids –
polymer –
nucleotides –
carbohydrate –
proteins –
lipid –
enzymes –
Major Concepts from Chapter 2:
1. What are the four major groups of organic compounds?
2. What are the main functions of the organic compounds?
Chapter 7 Vocabulary
eukaryote –
chloroplasts –
prokaryote –
cell membrane –
organelles –
cell wall –
nucleus –
diffusion –
ribosomes –
osmosis –
mitochondria –
Major Concepts from Chapter 7
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Give examples of each.
What are the major differences between animal cells and plant cells?
What organelles are involved in making energy for the cell?
What are the parts of a cell membrane?
Chapter 8 Vocabulary
autotroph –
ATP –
heterotroph –
Major Concepts from Chapter 8
1. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
2. What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Chapter 9 Vocabulary
fermentation –
aerobic –
anaerobic –
Major Concepts from Chapter 9
1. What are the two types of fermentation?
2. What are the reactants and products of respiration?
3. How are photosynthesis and respiration opposite processes?
Chapter 10 Vocabulary
cell division –
cell cycle –
mitosis –
haploid –
cytokinesis –
diploid –
interphase –
cancer –
Major Concepts from Chapter 10
1. What are the parts of the cell cycle?
2. How is cell division regulated?
3. What is uncontrolled cell division called?
Chapter 11 Vocabulary
fertilization –
Punnett Square –
true-breeding –
homozygous –
trait –
heterozygous –
hybrids –
phenotype –
genes –
genotype –
alleles –
monohybrid cross –
gametes –
dihybrid cross –
probability –
incomplete dominance –
codominance –
polygenic traits –
multiple alleles –
meiosis –
Major Concepts from Chapter 11
1. What is the difference between dominant alleles and recessive alleles?
2. How does the genotype affect the phenotype? Be sure you can analyze a Punnett square and identify the
phenotypes and genotypes of the offspring.
 For example, if RR is red flowers and rr is white flowers, which is the genotype and phenotype of the
offspring of a cross of Rr x Rr?
3. What are examples of incomplete dominance and codominance?
4. What is the phenotypic ratio for a dihybrid cross?
5. How do mitosis and meiosis compare?
Chapter 12 Vocabulary
base pairing –
Nucleotide –
replication –
Major Concepts from Chapter 12
1. What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
2. What is DNA replication?
Chapter 13 Vocabulary
transcription –
messenger RNA –
translation –
transfer RNA –
mutations –
Major Concepts from Chapter 13
1.
2.
3.
4.
How do DNA and RNA differ?
What are nucleotides?
How is the decoder used to determine amino acids?
What is the central dogma of biology?
Chapter 14 Vocabulary
karyotype –
pedigree –
sex chromosomes –
sex-linked genes –
Major Concepts from Chapter 14
1. How do male and female chromosomes differ?
2. Why are sex-linked disorders like colorblindness more common in males than in females?
3. Why is hemophilia considered to be an X-linked genetic disorder? Why is it more common for males to have
hemophilia than females?
4. What are the different blood groups? Be sure you can use a Punnett Square to determine the probability of
different blood types.
5. Be sure you can analyze a pedigree.
Chapter 15 Vocabulary
selective breeding –
GMO –
Cloning –
inbreeding –
Major Concepts from Chapter 15
1. What are transgenic organisms? What are some examples of ways these organisms are useful (give examples of
both plants and animals).
2. How are transgenic bacteria used to make proteins in humans?
3. Who was Dolly?
4. What is selective breeding?
Chapter 16 Vocabulary
fossils –
fitness –
population –
survival of the fittest –
artificial selection –
adaptation –
natural selection –
common descent –
vestigial organs –
homologous structures –
Analogous Structures -
Major Concepts from Chapter 16
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is fitness? What are some examples of organisms that exhibit fitness?
What evidence leads Darwin to develop the theory of evolution?
What does the theory of evolution suggest?
Can I give an example of a homologous structure?
Can I give an example of an analogous structure?
Chapter 17 Vocabulary
gene pool –
genetic equilibrium –
directional selection –
speciation –
stabilizing selection –
behavioral isolation –
disruptive selection –
geographic isolation –
genetic drift –
Major Concepts from Chapter 17
1. How do allele frequencies change?
2. How do isolations cause species?
3. How do mutations cause speciation?