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Ecology
Figure 3-2 Ecological Levels of
Organization
Levels of Organization
Section 3-1
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Section:
Species Diversity
Section 6-3
Percent of Living Organisms
Insects
54.4%
Protists
4.2%
Other Animals
19.7%
Plants
18%
Fungi
3.4%
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Section:
Bacteria
0.3%
Interest Grabber
Section 4-2
Fitting In
• Organisms not only live together in ecological
communities, but they also constantly
interact with one another. These interactions,
which include predation and competition,
help shape the ecosystem in which they live.
• 1. Based on your own experiences, define
predation. Give one example of predation.
• 2. Based on your own experiences, define
competition. Give one example of
competition.
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Section:
Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Section 4-2
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
ECOSYSTEM
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Section:
Habitat vs. Niche
• Habitat- place where an organism lives
• Niche- the use of its habitat and its function/
role in the community
Niche
• Fundamental niche- the entire range where
an organism could survive.
• Realized niche- actual area in a community
that an organism occupies due to competition.
Figure 4-5 Three Species of
Warblers and Their Niches
Section 4-2
Cape May Warbler
Feeds at the tips of branches
near the top of the tree
Bay-Breasted Warbler
Feeds in the middle
part of the tree
Spruce tree
Go to
Section:
Yellow-Rumped Warbler
Feeds in the lower part of the tree and
at the bases of the middle branches
Section 3-2
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Section:
Food Web
Ecological Pyramids
Section 3-2
Energy Pyramid
Shows the relative amount of
energy available at each trophic
level. Organisms use about 10
percent of this
energy for
life processes.
The rest is lost
as heat.
Biomass Pyramid
Represents the amount of
living organic matter at each
trophic level. Typically, the
greatest biomass is at the
base of the pyramid.
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Go to
Section:
Section:
Pyramid of Numbers
Shows the relative
number of individual
organisms at each
trophic level.
Biomagnification
Movement of toxin
through a food chain.
Increases 10x/level
Figure 6-16 Biological
Magnification of DDT
Section 6-3
Magnification of
DDT Concentration
Fish-Eating Birds
10,000,000
Large
Fish
Small Fish
100,000
Zooplankton
10,000
Producers
Water
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Section:
1,000,000
1000
1
Water Cycle
Figure 3-13 The Carbon Cycle
Section 3-3
Carbon Cycle
CO2 in
Atmosphere
CO2 in Ocean
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Section:
Section 3-3
Nitrogen Cycle
N2 in Atmosphere
NH4+
Go to
Section:
NO3and NO2-
Nitrogen Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle