Download Getting Your Child Ready for Reading and Writing

Getting Your Child
Ready for Reading
and Writing
The followingg are milestones in your
y
child’s development of reading and
writing skills.
skills
How Reading Develops
8 months to 1 year
y Looks
at ppictures in books for a
short time when you name them.
y Likes to hear you tell and read
stories.
1-2 years
Makes sounds when lookingg at pictures
p
in
books.
y Makes
a es sou
soundss o
or ssings
gs aalong
o g with
w t songs
so gs
and rhymes.
y Points or touches pictures in books when
you name them.
y Turns pages in a book; may turn more
than one page at a time.
y
1-2 years (cont
(cont’d)
d)
Listens to simple
p stories for a short time.
y Starts to name colorful pictures in books.
y
2-3 years
y
y
y
y
Knows that words
have meaning and are
used for different
reasons.
Starts to name black
and
d white
hi pictures.
i
Points to and names
many common
pictures in books.
Enjoys rhymes.
rhymes
2-3 years (cont
(cont’d)
d)
y
y
y
y
Enjoys
j y havingg favorite
books read over and
over again.
Likes to listen to
books that repeat
words
d and
d phrases.
h
Starts to sit alone
and look at books.
books
Turns pages one at a
time.
time
2-3 years (cont
(cont’d)
d)
y
y
y
y
Know that books
have a front and
back.
Kno s how
Knows
ho to open
o en
and hold books.
Know the direction
of words in books –
left to right.
Listens and enjoys
when you read for 515 minutes.
minutes
3-4 years
Recognizes
g
and mayy sayy familiar words,
like restaurant signs, names on cereal
boxes and street signs.
g
y Pretends to read books by:
holdingg the book
turning the pages
y g some words
saying
y Says some of the words in a story or
book.
book
y
3-4 years (cont
(cont’d)
d)
y
Recognizes
g
and mayy sayy words that rhyme
y
(bat-cat, fun-run) and words that begin
with the same sound ((big,
g boy,
y ball).
)
4-5 years
y
Says
y rhyming
y g words
and words that begin
with the same sound.
y
Understands that
you are reading
words and not just
talking about pictures
in books.
4-5 years (cont
(cont’d)
d)
y
Recognizes
g
where
words start and stop
by pointing to spaces
between words.
y
Pretends to read a
book by telling the
story from memory.
memory
5-6 years
y
Realizes that words can be broken into
smaller parts, like ba-by, cup-cake, rainbow, or counts syllables in a word.
y
Names printed letters in the alphabet
f
from
A to Z and
d numbers
b
ffrom 1 to 10.
10
y
May know that letters have sounds and
may know the sound that some letters
make
k lik
like bbuh
h ffor B and
d sss for
f S.
S
5-6 years (cont
(cont’d)
d)
Says
y first sounds in spoken
p
words, like ball
begins with b sound.
y Begins
eg s to po
pointt to specific
spec c letters
ette s on
o a
page.
y May read some unfamiliar words.
words
y
How Writing Develops
1-2 years
y
Holds a large
g marker or crayon.
y
y
May scribble,
scribble especially when you are
writing too.
2-3 years
y
Writes byy drawingg and scribbling.
g
y
Scribbles using wavy lines and circles.
circles
3-5 years
y
y
y
Starts to scribble
letters, numbers or
pretend letters , wavy
lines and squiggles.
Prints some large
uppercase letters
l
like
lik
A, B,C.
Know that drawing
and writing are
different.
3-5 years (cont
(cont’d)
d)
y
Copies
p simple
p lines,
shapes or crosses.
y
Know that people
write for a reason.
y
Writes one letter or
word to stand for a
whole sentence or
idea.
id
3-5 years (cont
(cont’d)
d)
y
Prints first name,
some letters of the
alphabet and
numbers.
y
Writes letters in no
set order like A, z, E,
u x,
u,
x R.
R
5-6 years
Uses one to three letters to spell
p words,
like p for purple, tn for train, or pte for
p
pretty.
y
y Spells words as they sounds like letl for
g for eagle.
g
little and egl
y
Babies and Toddlers: Reading
and Writing Tips
y
Talk to yyour child about objects
j
in the
room, people and what you are doing.
a g gets you
your child
c
ready
ea y to read
ea and
a
Talking
write.
y
Repeat the sounds your child makes, like
dada baba.
dada,
baba Add more sounds and words.
words
y
Tell your child stories.
stories
Babies and Toddlers (cont
(cont’d)
d)
y
Read to your child
whenever
h
you can.
Read picture books
with sounds and
rhymes.
rhymes
y
Read food boxes and
words on T.V. Look at
magazines together.
y
Read your child’s
favorite books over
and over again.
again
Babies and Toddlers (cont
(cont’d)
d)
y
Give yyour child crayons,
y
markers, and
paper for scribbling and drawing.
y
Point to words and pictures as you read.
y
Teach new words during special times like
holidays or visits to places like the zoo.
zoo
Preschool (3
(3--5 years) Reading Tips
y
Talk about what you are
going to do, what you
are doingg and what you
y
did. Talking helps your
child learn the words for
readingg and writing.
g
y
Show your child printed
words that are all
around you, like street
signs, cereal boxes and
restaurant signs.
signs
Preschool Reading Tips (cont’d)
(cont d)
y
Go to the library and help your child pick
out books.
y
Hang alphabet letters where your child can
see them. Name the letters and ask your
child to sayy them too.
y
Sing songs and read books that have rhymes.
Preschool Reading Tips (cont’d)
(cont d)
y
Talk about the books
newspapers and
magazines you are
reading.
y
Talk about looking for
a phone number,
following a recipe,
reading board game
rules, or reading text
messages.
messages
When you are reading with your
child:
y
Point to words.
y
Talk about the printed
words like “this word
starts with a “p” and this
one ends with a “p”
p .
y
Ask yyour child qquestions.
Ask about what just
happened and what
g happen
pp next.
might
Preschool Reading Tips (cont’d)
(cont d)
y
Read
R
d diff
different types off
books like fairy tales,
nursery rhymes, alphabet
books,, ppicture books and
poems.
y
Read books that repeat
p
words and phrases.
y
Playy gguessingg games
g
with
sounds and words like “I’m
thinking of a word that
begins with “b”, can you
think of one?
one?”
Preschool (3
(3--5) Writing Tips
y
Give your child
Gi
hild pencils,
il
crayons, markers, sidewalk
chalk, paints, paper,
magnetic
g
letters,, or
wooden blocks with
letters. Let your child have
time every day to scribble,
draw or write.
write
y
Show your child how you
sign your name,
name write
thank-you notes, send text
messages, emails, write out
grocery lists and pay bills.
Preschool Writing Tips (cont’d)
(cont d)
y
Help your child with skills needed for
writing.
w
t g. Artt activities,
act v t es, puzzles
pu es and
a bead
bea
stringing can help with coordination.
y
Write your child’s name on pictures and
drawings Say the letters out loud
drawings.
loud.
Preschool Writing Tips (cont’d)
(cont d)
y
Ask your child to tell a story about a
drawing.
aw g. Write
te the
t e words,
wo s, or
o ask
as your
you
child to write the words. Don’t worry
about spelling.
p
g
Getting Help for Your Child
All children learn to talk, understand, read
aand write
w te at different
e e t times.
t es. A speechspeec
language pathologist, also called an SLP,
p if yyou anyy qquestions or concerns.
can help
How to Find a Qualified SLP
Aq
qualified SLP has the Certificate of
Clinical Competence (CCC) from the
American Speech
p
Language
g g Hearingg
Association (ASHA).
Visit www.asha.org/findpro/ to find an
ASHA certified SLP near you.
you
ASHA appreciates the assistance of Froma P. Roth, PhD, CCC-SLP in
developing this content.