Download Chapter 10 Study Guide The Renaissance i

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Chapter 10 Study Guide
The Renaissance in Italy
1. What does the word “Renaissance” mean?
2. Which era was a feudal society and was dominated by the church?
3. Which era was characterized by national consciousness and political centralization?
4. What term refers to the coalescence of humanism and civic reform?
5. Where did Renaissance society first take form?
6. Which cities played an important role in the trade between Europe and the Near East?
7. What happened to the Italian city-states due to the warfare between the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor?
List the five major Italian city-states:
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13. What did the cities evolve into due to the social strife and competition for political power?
List the four major social groups that existed in Florence?
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18. What took place in 1378 as a result of poor conditions brought on by the Black Death?
19. Who brought stability to the city of Florence in 1434?
20. Whose brother was assassinated by the rival Florentine family, the Pazzi?
21. What was the cultural center of the Italian Renaissance?
22. What was responsible for the cultural developments that occurred in Renaissance Italy?
23. Which liberal arts program embraced grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, politics, and philosophy?
24. Who were the first humanists?
25. According to the “The Renaissance Garden” what was the pivotal center in Renaissance society?
26. Who was the “father of humanism”?
27. Which book did he write that was composed of fanciful letters to Cicero, Livy, Vergil, and Horace?
28. Who wrote the Divine Comedy?
29. Which book takes place in the countryside during the Florentine plague of 1348?
30. Who wrote it?
31. Which book examined Renaissance court life and conduct?
32. Who wrote it?
33. What was the most important intellectual recovery during the Italian Renaissance?
34. Which philosophy held a flattering view of human nature?
35. Who was a hero of Protestant reformers for his defense of predestination?
36. According to humanists, what should education promote?
List four aspects of Renaissance Art:
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List two techniques used by Renaissance artists:
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43. Who is considered the “father of Renaissance painting?”
List four masters of the High Renaissance:
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48. What portrait by Leonardo da Vinci depicts the perfect man?
49. Who painted The School of Athens?
50. What is Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting?
51. Which eighteen foot statue is a perfect example of Renaissance harmony, symmetry, and proportion?
52. Who was commissioned to paint the Vatican’s Sistine Chapel?
Italy’s Political Decline: The French Invasions
53. Which treaty included Venice despite the anger of the Papal States?
54. Which country did Ludovico of Milan invite to retake Naples?
55. Who is most responsible for the invasion of Italy in 1495?
56. Which French king invaded Italy?
57. What alliance was formed in 1495 to fight against the French?
58. Who was known as the “warrior pope”?
59. Which two countries fought in the Habsburg-Valois wars?
60. Which country won all four battles?
61. What did Niccolo Machiavelli propose to solve Italy’s problems?
62. Which political philosopher held republican ideals, wanted to unify Italy, and was a humanist?
Revival of Monarchy in Northern Europe
63. Which group allied themselves with monarchs in order to end feudal society?
64. Which social class was not taxed by monarchs in the 15th and 16th centuries?
List four things that King Louis XI did as king of France?
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69. Which two countries protested the marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon?
List four accomplishments of Ferdinand and Isabella:
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The Northern Renaissance
List four characteristics of northern humanists:
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Write two of Erasmus’s adages:
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80. What did Erasmus call his personal beliefs in a simple, ethical piety in imitation of Christ?
81. Which Protestant reformer did Erasmus influence?
82. What two areas of reform did northern humanists focus on?
83. Which of Thomas More’s works criticized contemporary society?
84. What made it possible for learning to penetrate France?
85. Which three countries were prepared by humanism for the Protestant Reformation?
Voyages of Discovery and the New Empires in the West and East
86. What prompted European exploration and discovery?
87. Which Italian city held a monopoly on goods from the Near East?
88. Which country took the lead in exploration in the fifteenth century?
89. Which European explorer was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope in 1487?
90. Which European explorer reached India in 1487?
91. Where did Columbus expect to first arrive?
92. Who was America named after?
93. Which captain led the expedition that became the first to circumnavigate the globe?
94. What were the conquistadores interested in?
95. What area did the Aztecs rule?
96. Who spoke out against abuses made by Spanish conquistadores?
List the three major components of colonial economy of the New World?
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100. What did the influx of spices and precious metals create in Europe?