Download Excretion – Urinary System

The Excretory
Systems
 Excretion is the process of removing
metabolic wastes.
State
Body Systems
Main Organ of
involved in excretion excretion
Waste product
 The Large Intestine
 Not all foods are digested and absorbed by
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our body.
The undigested food is passed into the large
intestine for temporary storage.
The undigested food contains a large
amount of water and dissolved minerals like
iron, calcium, and magnesium.
Some of the water and the dissolved
minerals are absorbed by the walls of the
large intestine and returned to our body
through blood circulation.
The remaining solid waste after absorption
is called feces.
Feces contains bacteria, undigested food,
bile, and the remaining water and minerals.
It is discharged by the large intestine
through the rectum. It then leaves our
body through the anus.
State
Body System
involved in
excretion
Solid
Digestive
System
Main Organ of
excretion
Large intestine
Waste product
feces
The Lungs
The lungs are not only organs of
respiration but also organs of
excretion.
The lungs give off
1.
carbon dioxide
2.
water vapor as waste products.
These are picked up by the blood
from the cells and brought to the
lungs. Then, the lungs give them
off as we exhale or breathe out.
State
Body System
involved in
excretion
Gas
Respiratory
System
Main Organ of
excretion
lungs
Waste product
Carbon dioxide
The Skin
removes metabolic wastes.
These metabolic wastes
move out of the blood
vessels through the
capillaries into the
sweat glands.
The skin excretes the following:
1. water
2. urea
3. salt
Each sweat gland has a
sweat tube that leads to a
small opening in the skin’s
surface called pore.
This is where water and
salt pass out of the skin.
These wastes are
collectively called
sweat or perspiration.
State
Liquid
a.
Body System
involved in
excretion
Main Organ of
excretion
Waste product
Integumentary
System
Skin
(Sweat glands)
Sweat or
perspiration
State
Body System
involved in
excretion
Solid
Digestive
System
Large intestine
feces
Respiratory
System
lungs
Carbon dioxide
Gas
Liquid
a.
b.
Integumentary
System
?
Main Organ of
excretion
Skin
(Sweat glands)
?
Waste product
Sweat or
perspiration
?
CALORIES IN
Coca-Cola's Sodas, Soft Drinks: Coca-Cola, Classic
Calories 90
(375 kJ)
% Daily Value 1
Total Fat
0g
Sat. Fat
0g
Trans Fat
0g
0%
0%
Cholesterol
0mg
0%
Sodium
31mg
1%
Total
Carbs.
25g
8%
Dietary
Fiber
0g
Sugars
25g
Protein
0g
Potassium
0mg
0%
Nutrition Facts
Calories 72
(301 kJ)
% Daily Value 1
Total Fat
Sat. Fat
0.2g
0.1g
Total Carbs.
18.5g
6%
Dietary
Fiber
2.1g
8%
Sugars
9.9g
< 0.1%
Protein
0.9g
Calcium
4.1mg
Potassium
290mg
< 0.1%
Cholesterol
0mg
0%
Sodium
1mg
< 0.1%
 Water helps to remove the dangerous toxins that our
body takes in from the air, the food and the chemicals
we use on our skin and hair.
 Water also provides cushion for our body joints.
 Water carries oxygen and nutrients into all our cells.
 Water also helps to regulate our body temperature.
When we say “integrative”, this means that our body
systems are interconnected to each other to maintain
homeostasis.
Our body is so sensitive to everything we take in our
body and to environment outside where we live in.
And because of its sensitivity, we need other body
system to perform other major liquid excretion aside
from excretion by our skin.
Word origin: from the
Greek: homeo, meaning unchanging
+ stasis, meaning standing.
 Human homeostasis refers to the body's ability to
physiologically regulate its inner environment to
ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the
outside environment and the weather.
 it is the state of balance in our body.
Homeostatic imbalance will lead to diseases or even
death.
Nephrons
 Excess salts, water, wastes
remain in the tubule and
become urine
 Urine enters collecting
ducts (tubes) in the
medulla
 Collecting tubes empty
into the renal pelvis (first
section of the ureter)
 All the blood in the body
passes through the
kidneys about 20 times
every hour.
What is Uric Acid?
 Uric acid is a chemical created when the body
breaks down substances called purines.
 Purines are found in some foods and drinks, such as
liver, anchovies (oil fishes), mackerel, dried beans and
peas, beer, and wine.
The substances that are useful to the body are brought back into
circulation.
Together with the clean blood, they leave the kidneys through the renal
veins to the inferior vena cava and to the different parts of the body.
Urethra
 Tube carries urine from
bladder to outside
 Difference in male/female
 Females shorter
 Opens in front of vagina
 Male: carries both urine from
urinary system and semen
from the reproductive system
Summary
 The state of balance in our body is called?
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Human homeostasis.
The urinary system consists of the ?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
Kidneys are ?
bean-shaped organ that contains filtering units called nephrons.
The ureters are ?
muscular tubes 10-12 inches long that moves urine from the kidney
to the urinary bladder.
Urinary bladder ?
temporarily store the urine that pass from the two ureters.
Urethra ?
is a tube that carries urine from bladder to outside of the body.
Different Excretory Systems
State
Body System
involved in
excretion
Solid
Digestive
System
Large intestine
feces
Respiratory
System
lungs
Carbon dioxide
kidneys
urine
Gas
Liquid
a.
Urinary System
b. Integumentary
System
Main Organ of
excretion
Skin
(sweat glands)
Waste product
Sweat or
perspiration
CAUTION
How many times do you
urinate in one day?
Humans produce
about 2.9 liters of
urine over 24 hours.
What will happen if one of
your kidney fail to function?
 Dialysis, a treatment where a
machine does the job of the
kidneys to filter the blood.
 used to provide an artificial
replacement for lost
kidney function .
 (renal replacement therapy)
due to renal failure.
What will happen if both of your
kidneys failed to function?
 Kidney transplantation
means replacement of the
failed kidneys with a
working kidney from
another person, called a
donor.
 Kidney transplantation is
not a complete cure,
although many people
who receive a kidney
transplant are able to live
much as they did before
their kidneys failed.
Kid
Nephrologist
A physician specializes in
kidney diseases
Donor
Kidney transplantation
Prevention
 Do not delay urination
when it is necessary.
 Drink 6-8 glasses of
water every day.
 Eat a healthy diet.
Avoid eating salty foods.
 Avoid drinking soft
drinks and alcoholic
drinks like beer and
wine.
Short Quiz
2.
3.
A. Matching Type.
Match Column A to Column B. Letters only.
Column A
E___1. the major system excretion that removes
liquid wastes. This excretory system consists
of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and
urethra.
C
___2. used to provide an artificial replacement for
lost kidney
A
___3. replacement of the failed kidneys with a
working kidney from another person, called
a donor.
D
___4. A physician who specializes in kidney disease.
B
___ 5. the state of balance in our body
Column B
 A. Dialysis
 B. Human
homeostasis
 C. Kidney
transplantation
 D. Nephrologist
 E. Urinary System
B. Trace the process through which urine is produced.
Write 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 on the blank according to order of
urine production.
5 6. The Urinary bladder (a hollow sac organ) then temporarily stores the
3
2
1
4
urine that passes from the two ureters. The urethra finally carries
urine from bladder to outside of the body.
7. Excess salts, water, and wastes remains in the tubule and become urine
after filtration. The substances that are useful to the body are brought
back into circulation. Together with the clean blood, they leave the
kidneys through the renal veins.
8. as blood surges through the kidneys, a filtering unit called nephrons
filters the blood with nitrogenous waste urea, uric acid, salts and other
metabolic wastes.
9. Blood enters each of the kidneys through a large artery that branches
off from the aorta through the renal arteries.
10. the urine leaves the kidneys through the ureters, a muscular tubes
10-12 inches long that moves urine from the kidney to the urinary
bladder.
ASSIGNMENT.
Please do a research on the following urinary disorders. Look for the
Symptoms and Treatments or Preventions of each disease. One urinary
disease in each group.
 Cystitis
- Group 1
 Urethritis
- Group 2
 Renal Failure – Group 3
 References:
 http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urination_disorder
 Biology Science Impact by Pacifico C. Paywal and et. al.,
Academe Publishing House Inc 2006, pages 502 – 503
and pages 580 – 581.
Criteria in judging class presentations of research.
Visual Aids
Voice Quality
(Loudness and Clarity)
Content
Total
25 points
25 points
50 points
100 points
Always remember
“Prevention is BETTER than cure.”