Download EMERGING CIVILIZATIONS

EMERGING CIVILIZATIONS
RIVER CIVILIZATION
What contributes to a civilization
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Culture
Settlement
Communication
Government
Euphrates and Tigris Rivers
– Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq)
– Cuneiform Script
– City-state
– Two main cultural groups
• Sumerians
• Akkadians
Sumerians
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Southern part of Mesopotamia
City-state
Ruled by local priest
Introduced the first writing system which was adopted by
the Akkadians and Babylonians
Practiced polytheism
Built large centers of worship (pyramid-shaped called
ziggurat)
Cities were built around ziggurat
Largest cities Uruk, Eridu and Ur
Introduced irrigation technique to ensure water during
droughts
Akkadians
» Northern part of Mesopotamia
» Conquered Sumer in 2340 BC by Sargon, ruler of the
Akkad region
» Akkadian became the official language
» Collasped in 2000 BC due to internal rivalries and invading
tribes.
» The first established Empire
Indus River
• Begins in Tibet and flows through the Himalayan valleys to
modern day Pakistan and into the Arabian Sea
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Home of the great cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
Developed written script and system of worship
Protected by mountain barrier
Master weavers and produced material from cotton and linen
Destroyed by the invading Aryan people in 1500 BC
Developed written language using symbol for each phonetic unit
of speech
– Recorded trade agreements
– Chronologies of Kings and Princes
– Literature
Nile River
• The longest river in the world
• Vital in the development of the Egyptian civilization
• The Egyptian civilization established about 3000 BC
(same time as Sumer, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro)
• Located south of the equator and flows northward
through northeastern Africa to drain into the
Mediterranean Sea.
NILE RIVER CONT…
• Formed by three streams
– Blue Nile
– Atbara
– White Nile
• Gave birth to one of the first people of cultivated
agriculture
– Close proximity gave easy access to water for crops
– Seasonal flooding fertilized the land
– Agriculture was essential for growth, survival and economic
success
Huang He (Yellow River)
– Second longest river in China and the sixth longest in the
world
– Flows through nine providences in China and empties into the
Bohai Sea
– Has changed course 26 times noticeable and 9 times severely
due to flooding
– Used as a military strategy during the 1938 Sino-Japanese War
causing the death of 500,000 to 900,000 of Chinese lives and
unknown number of Japanese soldiers.
9 PROVIDENCES
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QINGHAI
SICHUAN
GANSU
NINGXIA
INNER MONGOLIA
SHAANXI
SHANXI
HENAN
SHANDONG
Yangtze River
• Longest river in Asia, 3rd longest in the world.
• Home to one-third of the Peoples Republic of
China population
• Dujiangyan irrigation system built during the
Warring States peiod
– Create a stable and productive agriculture system
Yangtze River cont…
• Region of Jiangnan provided 1/3 to ½ of the
nations revenue during the Qing Dynasty
• River used for:
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Water
Irrigation
Sanitation
Transportation
Industry
Boundary-marking
War
Review
• WHAT FOUR (4) ATTRIBUTES TO A
CIVILIZATION?
• Answer:
(culture, settlement, communication,
government)
Review
• WHO ARE THE TWO (2) MAIN CULTURAL
GROUPS OF MESOPOTAMIA?
• Answer:
(sumerians, akkadians)
REVIEW
• WHAT RELIGION DID THE SUMERIANS
PRACTICE?
• Answer:
– (polytheism)
REVIEW
• WHY DID THE AKKADIANS COLLAPSE?
• Answer:
(internal rivalries, invading tribes)
REVIEW
• HUANG HE IS KNOWN AS?
• Answer:
– (yellow river)
REVIEW
• WHAT IS THE LONGEST RIVER IN ASIA?
• Answer:
– (yangtze)