Download Anatomy of the Respiratory System

9
The Respiratory
System
Modified G15
Lesson 9.1: Functions and Anatomy of
the Respiratory System
Lesson 9.2: Respiration: Mechanics
and Control
Lesson 9.3: Respiratory Disorders and
Diseases
Chapter 9: The Respiratory System
Lesson 9.1
Functions and Anatomy of
the Respiratory System
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
the nose
the nasal cavity
the pharynx
the larynx
the trachea
the bronchi
the bronchiole
the alveoli
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
• the nose
– nares
• the nasal cavity
– conchae
– the palate
– the sinuses
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
• the pharynx
– Tonsils
(early immune response –catches
germs on their way in)
• the larynx
– Epiglottis
(protects airway
when eating)
• the trachea
– C rings
• Keeps airway open
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
• the pharynx
– Tonsils
(early immune response –catches
germs on their way in)
• the larynx
– Epiglottis
(protects airway
when eating)
• the trachea
– C rings
• Keeps airway open
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
the bronchi
– primary bronchi
– bronchioles
– the alveoli
• surfactant
• pores of Kohn
– the alveolar capillary membrane
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Anatomy of the Respiratory System
• the lungs
– mediastinum
– apex
– pleural sac
• parietal pleura
• visceral pleura
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The Upper Respiratory Tract
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Chapter 9: The Respiratory System
Lesson 9.2
Respiration: Mechanics
and Control
Respiration
• also known as
breathing
• air always moves
from a higher
pressure area to a
lower pressure
area
• Boyle’s law
– as the volume of a
gas increases, the
pressure of the gas
decreases
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Respiration
• four key tasks involved in respiration
– pulmonary ventilation
• Moving air in & out of lungs
– external respiration
• Fresh outside oxygen fills lungs – gas exchange
between alveoli & capillary beds
– respiratory gas transport
• O2 & CO2 transported between lungs & body tissues
– internal respiration
• Gas exchange between capillaries & body cells
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Respiration
• inspiration (inhalation)
– diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
– thoracic cavity expands
• expiration (exhalation)
– diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
– thoracic cavity shrinks
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Respiration
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Nonrespiratory Air Maneuvers
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Chapter 9: The Respiratory System
Lesson 9.3
Respiratory Disorders
and Diseases
Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses
• avoiding URIs
– cover when sneezing
and coughing
– wash hands
– don’t touch hands to
eyes, nose, mouth
• influenza
– Vaccine
– Interferon (Tamaflu)
icyimage/Shutterstock.com
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Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses
• acute bronchitis
– inflammation
• pneumonia
– infection
• tuberculosis
– infection
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
• causes
– smoking
• living with COPD
– stop smoking
– purse-lipped breathing
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
• emphysema
– decreased lung
surface area
– pink puffers
• chronic bronchitis
– inflammation
obstructs airways
– blue bloaters
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Asthma
• asthma attack
– inflamed and narrowed
airways
– bronchospasms
– caused by allergens or
irritants
– treatment relaxes
muscles to expand
airways
xavier gallego morel/Shutterstock.com
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Lung Cancer
• more deaths from lung cancer than other cancers
• non-small cell lung cancer
– more common lung cancer
• small cell lung cancer
– less common lung cancer
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