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ANATOMICAL PLANES AND REGIONS Adapted from PowerPoint by: Anne Cupero Body cavities • Ventral – thoracic or chest cavity – abdominopelvic cavity • Dorsal – cranial cavity – spinal cavity Thoracic cavity • Right and left pleural cavity • Mediastinum - midportion • Organs included: heart, trachea, right and left bronchi, esophagus, thymus, blood vessels, thoracic duct, lymph vessels Abdominopelvic cavity • Abdominal cavity - liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines, spleen, kidneys, ureters • Pelvic cavity - bladder, certain reproductive organs, and part of the large intestine Cranial cavity • Lies in the skull • Houses the brain Spinal cavity • Lies in the spinal column • Houses the spinal cord Body regions • Identification of an object begins with overall generalized recognition of its structure of form • Axial portion of body - head, neck, torso, and trunk • Appendicular portion of body - upper and lower extremities and their connections to the axial portion Body planes and sections • Sagittal - lengthwise from front to back • Coronal - lengthwise from side to side • Transverse - crosswise Body planes Directions on body • • • • • • • Cranial - toward the head Caudal - toward the feet Medial - toward the middle Lateral - toward the sides Proximal - toward the attachment of a limb Distal - toward the fingers/toes Superior - above Directions on body continued • • • • • • Inferior - below Anterior - toward the front Posterior - toward the back Peripheral - toward the surface Palmar - toward the palm of the hand Plantar - toward the sole of the foot Descriptive terms for body regions • • • • • • • Abdominal - below diaphragm Acromial- shoulder Antebrachial- in front of elbow Axillary - armpit Brachial - upper arm Calcaneal - heel of foot Carpal - wrist Continued descriptive terms • • • • • • • Cephalic - head Cervical - neck Coxal - hip Cranial - skull Crural - leg Cubital - elbow Cutaneous - skin Continued descriptive terms • • • • • • • Digital - fingers or toes Dorsal - back or top Facial - face Buccal - cheek Frontal - forehead Nasal - nose Oral - mouth Continued descriptive terms • • • • • • • Orbital or ophthalmic - eyes Otic - ear Femoral - thigh Gluteal - buttock Inguinal - groin Lumbar - lower back between ribs & pelvis Mammary - breast Continued descriptive terms • • • • • • • Manual - hand Mental - chin Navel - area around umbilicus Occipital - back of lower skull Olecranal - back of elbow Palmar - palm of hand Patellar - front of knee Continued descriptive terms • • • • • • • Pedal - foot Pelvic - lower portion of torso Perineal - area between anus & genitals Plantar - sole of foot Pollex - thumb Popliteal - area behind knee Pubic - pubis Continued descriptive terms • • • • • • Supraclavicular - area above clavicle Sural - calf Tarsal - ankle Temporal - side of skull Thoracic - chest Zygomatic - cheek
