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Lab 15 Animal Reproduction Flashcards
1) What is the fusion of haploid gametes
Sperm and ovum
2) How are gametes produced?
Via meiosis
3) What is the fusion of the sperm and ovum called?
Fertilization
4) What does the fusion of the sperm and ovum result in?
Single diploid zygote
5) Sexual reproduction involves two individuals, each
contributing genetic information to the offspring.
6) What is a form of reproduction in which the ovum
develops into a new individual without fertilization?
7) How are male drones produced?
Parthenogenesis
8) How are females and reproductive queen produced?
Fertilized
9) When does the ovum doubles the chromosome number
and becomes diploid again?
10) What is it called when an organism has both functional
male and female reproductive systems
11) What is it called when organisms that utilize
hermaphroditism cannot find members of the opposite
sex?
12) What occurs when an individual reverses its sex during its
lifetime
13) What are two types of sequential hermaphrodites?
After meiosis
14) What is it called when individuals start out life as a
female and change sex to male?
15) What is it called when individuals start out life as a male
and change sex to female?
16) What is the union of sperm and ovum nuclei to form the
diploid zygote?
17) What is another name for ovum nuclei
Protogynous
18) What are the two types of fertilization
Internal and external
19) What is it called when eggs are shed by the female and
fertilized by the male outside of the body?
20) What occurs when sperms are deposited in or near the
female reproductive track?
21) What prevents the entry of other sperm?
External
22) What is it called when the nucleus of the sperm and ovum
fuse?
23) How long does the the first cell division or cleavage take?
Syngamy
24) What are the embryonic cells resulting from the division
of the zygote?
25) What stage is the embryo in when there are 32 to 64
cells?
Blastomeres
Via parthenogenesis
Hermaphroditism
Sessile, burrowers, or endoparasites
Sequential hermaphroditism
Protogynous and Protoandrous
Protoandrous
Fertilization
Syngamy
Internal fertilization
Fertilization membrane
50-70 minutes
Blastula
Lab 15 Animal Reproduction Flashcards
26) What is the fluid filled hollow space called that will begin
to develop during the blastulas stage?
27) What tube of cells growing upward that gastrulation
produces?
28) What is the outer layer that is formed from the original
blastula wall and gives rise to the skin?
29) What is the inner layer that is formed from the
archenteron and gives rise to the internal organs?
30) What is the layer of cells between the endoderm and
ectoderm called?
31) What is the process by which new individuals of the same
species are produced from pre-existing ones, resulting in
an increase in the number of individuals?
32) What is the main purpose of reproduction?
33) What are two types of animal reproduction?
34) Where are organisms that often reproduce asexually
usually found?
35) What are the three types of asexual reproduction?
36) What involves the separation of a parent into two or more
individuals of the same size?
37) What occurs when a new individual grows out of the
body of an existing one as a result of unequal division of
the organism?
38) What is the breaking of the body into several pieces, each
of which develops into a complete adult?
39) What is the regrowth of lost body parts?
40) If conditions change and become unfavourable, what can
happen to the population?
41) What is the fertilization process?
42) Define external fertilization.
43) What releases into the water without contact?
44) What is internal fertilization?
45) What characteristics does a zygote have upon
fertilization?
46) Where is the fertilization membranes main function?
47) How is the fertilization membrane formed?
48) How long does the first cell division take after syngamy?
49) The embryonic cells resulting from the division of the
Blastocoel
Archenteron
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Reproduction
To pass on genetic information from generation
to generation
Asexual and sexual
Environments with stable conditions
Fission, budding, and fragmentation
Fission
Budding
Fragmentation
regeneration
It may die out
This process is the union of the sperm and
ovum.
External fertilization is when eggs are shed by
the female and fertilized by the male outside
the body.
Gametes
Sperm are deposited in or near the female
reproductive tract and fertilization occurs
within the female’s body.
The zygote is still undivided with its nucleus
intact.
To prevent the entry of other sperm.
The membrane is formed when the nucleus of
the sperm and ovum fuse.
The first cell division or cleavage takes place
within 50-70 mins.
Blastomeres.
Lab 15 Animal Reproduction Flashcards
zygote are called?
50) What does the second mitotic cleavage create? The third?
And after the Fourth?
51) When does the blastula stage occur?
52) Describe the blastocoels stage?
53) Gastrulation begins with what?
54) Gastrulation produces a tube of cells growing upward
called?
55) The archenteron is also called blastopore and will develop
into what?
56) What are embryonic germ layers?
57) What role does the ectoderm play?
58) What is the inner layer formed from the archenteron that
will give rise to the internal organs such as the digestive
system?
59) What is the layer of cells between the endoderm and the
ectoderm?
60) What happens during organogenesis?
61) After fertilization what does the zygote undergo?
62) When there is no protective covering around the
developing embryo what requirements are there to
prevent desiccation and temperature stress?
63) What do reptiles produce to protect the embryo from
physical damage?
64) What are organisms that lay eggs called?
65) The live birth of marsupials and placental mammals’
young is called what?
66) Besides mammals, what other animals are capable of live
birth?
67) What does the male reproductive system consist of?
68) Where are the testes located?
69) What happens when sperm is produced?
70) Where is sperm produced?
71) What is the comma-shaped structure located in the
scrotum?
The second creates four cells. The third creates
eights cells. After the fourth there are sixteen
cells.
When there are thirty two to sixty four cells.
The blastocoels stage is when the embryo will
begin to develop.
The invasion of cells at the bottom into the
blastocoels.
The archenteron
The anus of the animal
Embryonic germ layers are layers of cells that
will give rise to all of the body parts of the
adult.
The ectoderm is the outer layer that is formed
from the original blastula wall and gives rise to
skin and the nervous system.
The Endoderm.
The mesoderm.
Vertebrates will continue further development
of regions of the three germ layers and develop
into rudimentary organs.
Embryonic development.
The requirement to prevent desiccation and
temperature stress is water or moisture.
An egg.
Oviparous
Viviparous
Fishes and reptiles
Testes, glands, and ducts
With the scrotum that produces sperm,
testosterone and other androgens
They migrate to the epididymis for maturation
and storage
The seminiferous tubules of the testes
Epididymis
Lab 15 Animal Reproduction Flashcards
72) What does the female reproductive system consist of?
73) What do the ovaries produce?
74) How many ovum(s) do human females typically release
each month?
75) What are the tiny, finger-like projections that the fallopian
tubes are moved by called?
76) How long does the sperm have to fertilize the ovum?
77) How does the zygote divide?
78) Where is the entrance of the uterus from the fallopian
tubes?
79) Draw and label asexual reproduction of a Hydra.
80) List several types off organisms undergo asexual
reproduction to increase their numbers?
81) What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?
82) What is the disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
83) Draw and label a sperm and an ovum.
84) What structure is utilized by the sperm for locomotion?
85) What is the function of the fertilization membrane?
86) Are the cells in the blastomeres in the eight-cell stage the
same as in the two-cell stage?
87) Which embryonic germ layer does your brain develop
from? Skin?
88) What is the difference between a viviparous and
oviparous organism?
Label the parts of the male reproductive system.
Write the function of the following male reproductive parts:
Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, Cowper’s or Bulbourethral
gland, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, urethra, penis
Testes develop inside the abdominal cavity and descend into
the scrotum before birth. Explain why male mammals have
their testes outside the abdominal cavity but within the
external scrotum.
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina
Unfertilized eggs
One ovum
Fimbrae
24 hours
Mitosis
Just below the rounded fundus
Lab 15 Animal Reproduction Flashcards
What structure is typically cut during a vasectomy?
What structures are common to both reproductive and
excretory systems?
Where does fertilization take place?
Where does the fertilized egg implant?
List the path of a sperm on its way to “fertilize” an ovum.
Which embryonic layer does your brain develop from? Skin?
What is the difference between a viviparous and oviparous
organism?
Testes develop inside the abdominal cavity and descend into
the scrotum before birth. Explain why male mammals have
their testes outside the abdominal cavity but within the
external scrotum.
What structure is typically cut during a vasectomy?
What structures are common to both reproductive and
excretory systems?
Where does fertilization take place?
Where does the fertilized egg implant?
List the path of a sperm on its way to “fertilize” an ovum.
Label figure 14.1 of the female reproductive system below:
Lab 15 Animal Reproduction Flashcards
Figure
14.1: Sagittal section of the female reproductive system.
Write the function of the following female reproductive parts:
Ovary:
Fallopian tube and fimbria:
Uterus:
Cervix:
Vagina:
What structure is cut when the “tubes are tied?” Describe this
form of human female sterilization process.