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The Rise of Europe
Chapter 7
Page 212
500-1300
Section 1
The Early Middle Ages
• A. Western Europe in Decline
• After collapse or Rome Western Europe
declined politically, socially, and economically
• 500 to 1000 was known as dark ages
• However, many aspects of Greco Roman,
Christian, and Germanic traditions blended
• Called Middle Ages
B. Rise of Germanic Kingdoms
• Germanic tribes would conquer chunks of
Roman Empire
• Eventually, Franks would become most
powerful
• Clovis and other Germanic kings carved up
Europe between 400 and 700
• Became Christians and continued many
aspects of Roman culture
C. Muslims on the rise
• In Arabia in the 600’s
• Began spreading through middle east,
Palestine, North Africa and into Spain
• Charles Martel rallied Frankish warriors at
battle of Tours and defeated Muslims
• However, Muslims would continue to be a
threat and make raids into Europe
D. Charlemagne
• Grandson of Charles Martel
• Began united Europe under his control
• Pope Leo III received his help so crowned him
Holy Roman Emperor
• Upset Eastern Byzantine Empire
• Appointed local rulers to rule regions
• Set out to revive classical Latin learning
• Missi domnici sent out to report back on
conditions of the empire
E. Charlemagne’s death
• Charlemagne helped establish the Christian
church as dominant power in Europe
• His empire couldn’t withstand invasions from
outsiders after his death
– Muslims, Magyars, Vikings
• His sons split his empire into three
F. Vikings
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Seafaring people from Scandinavia
Late 700, raided much of Europe
Expert sailors
Set up a temporary settlement in Americas
Opened up trade routes
Section 2
Feudalism and the Manor Economy
• A. Feudalism
• Because of a lack of stable gov’ts and attacks
from outsiders, Feudalism would develop
across Europe
• Feudalism- loosely organized system based on
loyalty
• Vassals owe lords loyalty
– Ex. Upper lord, lower lord, lower lord,
– Knights owed loyalty to lords, serfs owed loyalty
• Feudal contracts?
• Fief?
• More powerful lords held larger fiefs
• Vassals could hold loyalty to several lords
B. Knights
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Many nobles became knights
Constant warfare, learned to fight at early age
Fought in tournaments to hone their skills
Defended the castle
Castle defenses???
Chivalry?
Troubadours
C. Serfs
• Manor was the lords estate
• Worked by serfs- not slaves, but bound to the
land
• Worked the land and paid taxes in exchange
for protection
• Mutual obligations
• Manors were usually self sufficient
• Peasant Life??
Section 3
The Medieval Church
• A. The Church Dominates Medieval Life
– By late middle ages, Western Europe majority
Christian
– Sacraments administered by priests- sacred rites
of Church
– Bible only in Latin
– People had to rely on church for salvation
B. Village Life
• Daily life centered on Christian Calendar
– Easter, Christmas, holy days
• Eventually, cathedrals built across Europe in
gothic Style- large, towering structures
• Many pilgrims encouraged to visit religious
sites
• Priests were men, but women could enter the
nunnery
C. Church Power Grows
• Church becomes most powerful institution in
Europe
• Papal Supremacy- power of pope crossed
political borders
– Could end disputes
– Excommunicate people who disobeyed
– Interdict- excommunicate whole community
because of acts of leader
– Assured them they were going to hell
D. Corruption and Reform
• Soon, Church became a wealthy institution
• Priest stopped adhering to three rulespoverty, chastity, and obedience
• Abbot Berno set up Monastery to helping
monks and nuns combat corruption in church
• Gregory VII pushed for more reform
– Church alone appoints church officials
– Priests can’t get married
• New Preaching order
– Friars traveled around Europe preaching
• St. Francis of Assisi started first order of Friars
• Dominic Order of Friars dedicated themselves
to teaching official church doctrine to combat
heresies that differed from official church
teachings
E. Jews in Medieval Europe
• At first, were allowed to practice their faith
• However, began to face more and more
discrimination
• Pretty soon, many fled to Eastern Europe to
avoid persecution.
Section 4
Economic Recovery Sparks Change
• A. Agricultural revolution
– 800’s, peasants began producing more crops
– 1. Steel plow better for European soil
– 2. 3 crop rotation?
– More Food, Population can grow
B. Revival of Trade and Travel
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Feudal warfare and invasions decrease
People feel safer traveling
People want goods not produced in manor
Old trade routes revive
– Byzantine to Florence to Flanders to the rest of
Europe
• New Merchant class asked for chartersestablished written rights and rules
C. Commercial Revolution
• Trade needs more money in circulation
• Capital?
• Merchants form partnerships. Why?
• Many people become tenant farmers and
merchants instead of serfs
• Lords rather have tax money instead of labor
D. Rise of Middle Class
• Middle Class• Guilds– Apprentice
– Journeymen
– Master
• E. Town Life- many cities grew to over 10,000
people
• As cities couldn’t grow out, they went up