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Study Guide Unit I: Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations 3500 BCE to 500 BCE Main purpose of the pyramids in Ancient Egypt Definition of Theocracy in Egypt Use of papyrus in Ancient Egypt Narmer’s greatest achievement Roles of women in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia How was Sargon able to make Akkad the first empire? What did the pyramids show about the Old Kingdom in Egypt? Definition of monotheism Man who led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt The Phoenicians Phoenician contribution to written communication Babylon City-state Cultural diffusion Cuneiform Dynasty Empire Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia Monarchy Polytheism Sargon Hammurabi Sumer Short Answer Questions: 1. What was Hammurabi’s Code, and why was it unusual at the time it was established? 2. How did the practical needs of the ancient Egyptians tie in to their development of sophisticated scientific and mathematical concepts? 3. Given the accomplishments and behavior of Cyrus, Darius, and Zoroaster, what do you think were these three men’s main concerns? 4. What do you think were the main causes of the rise of the Assyrian Empire? What were the main causes of its fall? 5. What was new about the writing system developed by the Phoenicians, and why was this important to the growth of knowledge and spread of ideas?