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Respiratory System Honors Biology Facilitator: Mr. Lee Room 320 Objectives • Describe respiration • Identify the function of the respiratory system • Describe gas exchange Introduction • The respiratory system transports gases to and from the cardiovascular system • The respiratory systems involves: – External respiration- exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood – Internal respiration- exchange of gases between the blood and the cells Human Respiration System • Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood, air, and tissues • The respiratory system consists of: – Nose – Pharynx (throat) – Larynx (voice box) – Trachea (windpipe) – Bronchi – Lungs Respiration 3D Medical Animation Human Respiration System… • Nose: – Air is warmed, moistened, and filtered before entering the lungs – There are hairs lining the nasal cavity that trap large dust particles. – Mucus moistens the air and traps dust and smoke Human Respiration System… • Pharynx (throat): – Passage way for both air and food • The Larynx (voice box): – Located on top of the trachea • Trachea (windpipe): – Epiglottis- flap of tissue that covers the trachea when you swallow – Cilia sweep the trapped particles and mucus away from the lungs (to be either swallowed or spit out) – At the lungs, branches into bronchi Human Respiration System… • The Bronchi: – Are two large passageways in the chest cavity – Lined with cilia and mucus – Each one leads to a lung Human Respiration System… • In the lung, each bronchus subdivides into smaller bronchioles, and then to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli • Alveoli are grouped in clusters like grapes and are surrounded by capillaries Gas Exchange • The average healthy lung has over 150 million alveoli • Oxygen dissolves in the moisture on the surface of the alveoli, and then diffuses through the capillaries • Carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction Gas Exchange… • The air that you inhale usually contains 21% oxygen and .04% carbon dioxide • The air you exhale usually contains less than 15% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide • 97 % of the oxygen moves into red blood cells – Hemoglobin has four iron atom, each one can hold one oxygen molecule • Most of the CO2 reacts with water in plasma to form carbonic acid, and then bicarbonate ions Mechanism of Breathing • There are no muscles connected to the lungs • The force that drives the air into the lungs comes from air pressure • The lungs are sealed in two sacs called the pleural membranes inside the chest cavity • At the bottom of the chest cavity is a large flat muscle called the diaphragm Breathing… • As you breathe, the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage rises up making a partial vacuum, causing air to rush into the lungs • Breathing is such an important function that your nervous system will not let you take complete control of it • Inspiration- taking air into the lungs • Expiration- releasing air out of the lungs Breathing… • Controlled by the medulla oblongata • Cells in its breathing center monitor the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood • As CO2 level increases, nerve impulses from the breathing center cause the diaphragm to contract Review • Describe respiration: – The respiratory system transports gases to and from the cardiovascular system – The respiratory systems involves: • External respiration- exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood • Internal respiration- exchange of gases between the blood and the cells • Identify the function of the respiratory system: – Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood, air, and tissues Review… • Describe gas exchange: – Oxygen dissolves in the moisture on the surface of the alveoli, and then diffuses through the capillaries – Carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction Learn Long Live Long