Download population genetics chapter 13

POPULATION GENETICS
CHAPTER 13
EXERCISES
a. Multiple choice
1. Members of the same species which are capable of interbreeding is best described
as a
a. Community
b. Population
c. Ecosystem
d. Biosphere
2. Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Populations of the same species may geographically be isolated with some
experiencing little or no interbreeding and thus little or no exchange of
genes.
b. Relative frequencies of alleles in populations may change. This is due to
genetic variation among individuals.
c. Monogenic traits with two or more genes at different loci on chromosomes
are the usual forms of continuous variation and includes a continuum of
phenotypes.
d. None of the above
3. Types of natural selection
a. Directional selection
b. Disruptive selection
c. Stabilizing selection
d. All of the above
4. The most common type of natural selection
a. Directional selection
b. Disruptive selection
c. Stabilizing selection
d. All of the above
5. Example of stabilizing selection
a. Maintenance of newborn’s weight in humans
b. Change in allelic frequencies of moths in industrial England
c. A & B
d. None of the above
6. Process by which one species splits into two or more species.
a. Bottleneck effect
b. Speciation
c. Random mating
d. Genetic drift
7. Which of the following would cause deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium?
a. Small population
b. Isolated
c. Random mating
d. Lack of selection pressure
8. Which of the following formulas lets you predict the genotypic frequency of the
next generation?
a. p + q = 1
b. X2 = sum [(o - e)2 / e]
c. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
d. d = 0.5 lambda / n * sin (theta)
9. the total aggregate of alleles in a population is referred to as
a. the gene pool
b. the allelic frequency
c. the genotypic frequency
d. the genetic structure
10. If 16% of the persons in a population show a recessive trait, what is the allelic
frequency for the dominant allele?
a. 4%
b. 16%
c. 84%
d. 96%
b. Matching
Population
1
Population
genetics
2
Frequency
Microevolution
3
4
Genetic drift
5
Founder effect
6
Speciation
7
Bottleneck effect
8
Natural selection
9
Gene flow
10
What is the process by which one
species splits into two or more species
is a group of organisms of the same
species that live in a localized place at
the same time
Genetic drift can result from
Aside from founder effect, genetic
drift can also result from this
is the relative frequency of an allele at
a specific locus in a population
What is an adaptive and survival
enhancement process
What is the movement of individuals
or sex cells such as spores between
populations
small scale change in frequency of
alleles within a population which arise
due to specific changes and variation
Study of how populations change over
a particular period of time
is a change in the gene pool of a
population due to chance events
c. Fill in the blanks
1. The ___________ states that within a sexually reproducing, diploid population,
allele and genotype frequencies will remain in equilibrium, unless outside forces
act to change those frequencies.
2. Major factors in his theory Natural selection includes _____________, and
______________.
3. __________ is a change in the gene pool of a population due to chance.
4. __________ leads to a loss of genetic diversity when a population is greatly
reduced.
5. _________ also results from the founder effect, when a few individuals colonize a
new habitat.
6. _________ acts against individuals at one of the phenotypic extremes.
7. __________ is a form of natural selection in which individuals with certain
characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates.
8. In many animal species, males and females show distinctly different appearance,
called ___________.
9. _______________ prevents members of different species from mating with each
other prevents gene flow between species, and maintains separate species.
10. The _____________ defines a species by its ecological role or niche and focuses
on unique adaptations to particular roles in a biological community.