Download File - tHE UNITED STATES OF GAHN

Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5.
1.__________ The threatened communist takeover of Greece
prompts a presidential request for aid and a worldwide effort to stop
communism.
2.__________ The collapse of Jiang Jieshi’s (Chiang Kai-shek’s)
corrupt government means victory for Mao Zedong’s (Mao Tsetung’s) communists and a setback for U.S. policy in Asia.
3.__________ A new president takes charge of American foreign
policy amid growing tension between America and its ally, the Soviet
Union.
4.__________ A “give-’em-hell” campaign by an underdog candidate
overcomes a three-way split in his own party and defeats his
overconfident opponent.
5.__________ Communists go on the offensive in a divided Asian
nation, drawing the United States into a brutal and indecisive war.
The Cold War
The Birth of a Nuclear World
In a Cold War
- aggressor nations use military
buildup
- no direct military engagement
*Wars are fought in
Proxy nations
Post WWII Europe and Germany
were divided among the winners
Germany’s capital Berlin
was also divided
Truman made it clear it would
not allow Russia to
dominate Europe
1946
• Russia request the UN control
atomic materials
• The US was the only nation
with access to nuclear bombs
•
Russia rejected putting the
US in control of the committee
to control atomic development
• July 1946
The first post WWII nuclear tests
are conducted by America
To ensure proper protection from the ideas of the West….
The Iron Curtain was born
• Russia took control of
border states
(promised freedom after the war)
Winston Churchill coined the
phrase to describe Russia’s
expansion
This action led to
The Truman Doctrine
Truman called upon the U.S. to
"support free peoples who are resisting attempted
subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures,"
• Russia is not directly mentioned
• America adopted the :
Containment Policyto directly meet Russia at any point
it tried to flex its power
This directly names Russia and
America’s intent
The Marshall Plan
George C. Marshall
The US needs to help failing
European economies to keep
them from becoming Communist
• $13 Billion to Europe
• Build American ideals and
Democratic relationships
1948
• Afraid America would take Berlin,
Russia seals the city off from the
Western nations
• Truman responded with the
Berlin Airlift
For nearly a year, the US dropped
needed supplies into the city
by airplane
By Summer 1949Russia decided to end the standoff
It detonates its first nuclear bomb
1949China falls to Communism
Mao Zedong becomes the
leader of the nation and
embraces Russia as an ally.
Concern grows other nations
may fall!
NATO
(Still here)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
April 1949
-
member states agree to mutual
defense in response to an attack
by any external party
Members:
United States, England, France,Italy,
Belgium, Canada, Norway, Denmark,
Luxembourg, Portugal, Iceland and
the Netherlands
Its first test will be in Korea
the organization's goal: "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down"
Reading a Bar Graph
Read the bar graph of National Defense Budget, 1940 - 2010 on p. 914 and answer the
following questions.
1.In what census year, after World War II, did the defense budget first decline as a
percentage of the federal budget and a percentage of GNP?
2.In what census year, after 1960, was the defense budget the same fraction of
GNP as it was in 1950?
3.Which decade, after World War II, saw the largest increase in actual dollar outlays
for defense?
4.By approximately what percentage of the federal budget did the defense budget
increase from 1950 to 1960? By roughly what percentage did it decrease from 1970
to 1980? By what percentage did it increase from 1980 to 1990? By about what
percentage did it decrease from 1990 to 1999?
1. 1970
2. 1980
3. 1980–1990
4.
1950–1960:
1970–1980:
1980–1990:
1990–1999:
+20%
–20%
+5%
–10%
1.__________Popular name for the Servicemen’s
Readjustment Act that provided education and
economic assistance to former soldiers
2.__________Shorthand name for the southern and
western regions of the United States that experienced
the highest rates of growth after World War II
3.__________New York suburb where postwar
builders pioneered the techniques of mass home
construction
4.__________Term for the dramatic rise in U.S. births
that began immediately after World War II
5.__________Big Three wartime conference that later
became the focus of charges that Roosevelt had sold
out Eastern Europe to the Soviet communists
1. How did Kennan explain “the
sources of Soviet conduct?
2. What strategies did he propose
for implementing the policy of
containment?
3. What did Kennan see as the
outcome of containment?
The Korean War
End of WWIIJapan loses Korea.
It is divided between America
and the Soviet Union
(at the 38th Parallel)
The Soviets install a communist
government in the North
America occupied the South
America remained until June 1949
(when communists took over China)
• June 25,1950
Communist N. Korea
invaded South Korea.
- 90,000 troops
- Capture the capital of
South Korea in days
(Seoul)
-Moved towards Pusan
Truman did not declare war, but the US headed up a
joint UN peace keeping army to free Korea
Under the command of
General Douglas MacArthurAt Pusan, he decided to
attack a weak North Korea
The Battle of Inchon Bay
Sept 1950
Communist forces are
captured
N. Korea retreats past the
38th Parallel
MacArthur wanted to push the Communists out of N. Korea
• Truman allows him
to invade N. Korea
As the US gets near the
China Border, China
warns the US to stop or
they will get involved in
the war
MacArthur did not believe
the Chinese
November 25th, 1950
• China invades N. Korea,
surprising the American forces
(400,000 plus men)
• American forces begin a
retreat past the 38th parallel
and Seoul
• 1951 MacArthur calls for an
invasion of China and the
power to use nukes to stop
the Chinese from interfering
• Truman fires MacArthur for
insubordination
1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower is elected President
He promises to end the war!
•
A hero of WWII
•
Opens peace talks with the
N. Koreans & China
•
Threatens use of nukes when
peace talks fail
•
Coupled with the death of
Joseph Stalin, peace is
settled.
•
July 27th, 1953
The Korean War is over
The Korean War was a stalemate,
but we claimed a victory over Communism!
• Korea was forever divided
at the 38th Parallel
• North Korea remained
Communist
• South Korea will forever be
occupied by US.
• Hostilities continue today
between these nations
Map Discrimination
Using the maps and charts in Chapter 36, answer the following questions.
1. Postwar Partition of Germany: Which of the Big Four had the smallest
occupation zone in postwar Germany?
2. Postwar Partition of Germany: Which of the three Western occupation
zones was closest to Berlin?
3. Postwar Partition of Germany: Which two other nations did the American
occupation zone border on?
4. The Shifting Front in Korea: When General MacArthur attacked at Inchon,
did he land above or below the thirty-eighth parallel?
5. The Shifting Front in Korea: Besides China, what other nation bordering
North Korea presented a potential threat to American forces?
6. The Shifting Front in Korea: After the armistice—signed on July 27, 1953—
which of the two Koreas had made very slight territorial gains in the Korean
War?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
France
British
Austria and Czechoslovakia
below
U.S.S.R.
South Korea
An arms race was created to build the biggest bomb
• 1952 The US introduced the
Hydrogen Bomb
1000x’s more powerful than
Hiroshima
1953 Russia followed with its version
A new fear of Russian
superiority gripped America
Eisenhower decides the best solution to
war is using nuclear weapons - less loss
of life
“bigger bang for the buck!”
New US policy:
Massive retaliation - respond to Soviet
aggression with crushing force =
nukes!
This idea creates brinkmanship:
He who has the most
bombs….Wins!
This policy continues today in the Far East
and Mid-East
Russia’s Joseph Stalin dies (1953)
and is replaced with
Nikita Khrushchev!
Did you know…
Stalin was mummified and placed on display for the
Russian people until 1961 when he was finally buried.
Vladimir Lenin’s body is still displayed.
He died in 1924.
11.__________The new anti-Soviet organization of Western
nations that ended the long-time American tradition of not
joining permanent military alliances
12.__________Jiang Jieshi’s (Chiang Kai-shek’s) pro-American
forces, which lost the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong’s (Mao
Tse-tung’s) communists in 1949
13.__________Key U.S. government memorandum that
militarized American foreign policy and indicated national faith
in the economy’s capacity to sustain large military expenditures
14.__________U.S. House of Representatives committee that
took the lead in investigating alleged procommunist agents such
as Alger Hiss
15.__________The dividing line between North and South
Korea, across which the fighting between communists and
United Nations forces ebbed and flowed during the Korean War
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLC
F7vPanrY
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNY
e_UaWZ3U&sns=em
Understanding The Suez Canal Crisis….
July, 1956
The US and England promised
to fund a dam built in Egypt
The US decided not to help.
Angry, Egypt nationalized
the Suez Canal
-an important waterway to all
Middle East nations
•
England, Israel and France
planned to invade Egypt
to stop Nasser from talking to
Communist China
The US tried to Israel to reconsider, but they
would not listen.
Tensions ran high for several months.
The US dispatched one aircraft carrier, one
battleship and one cruiser to the region.
October 1956 - Egypt was attacked by
England, France and Israel.
Russia threatened to get involved (China)
and use whatever force necessary
to stop the action against Egypt
…”if those fellows start something, we may have to hit ‘em
and, if necessary, with everything in the bucket.”
President Eisenhower
The United States prepared for conflict while
negotiations were under way
to solve the problem
The English and French pulled back,
but Russia continued its threat, causing the
US dispatched several Naval ships
and troops to the area.
This caused Russia to back down.
The UN began peaceful talks between all parties.
The crisis was averted.
The day the world changed….
October 4, 1957
Russia launched the first
satellite into orbit around
the Earth
Sputnik I
America created
The National Defense
Education Act
- focused education on
science and mathematics
The US also created
NASA
(National Aeronautic and
Space Agency)
(Sputnik II was launched a
month later with Likita the Dog
- She gave her life for science
because they didn’t figure out
how to bring the home!
A New Red Scare!
At home, Americans
began to fear the
Russian again leading to
persecution of innocent
Americans
The 50’s would be paranoid
over the possibility of
infiltration by the
Communists
HUAC searches for subversives!
Who am I?
•
1938 - 1975
Looked for people who spoke
out against American ideals
•
They attacked Hollywood for
alleged communist
propaganda and influence in
the motion picture industry
•
Ronald Reagan
Who am I?
Arthur Miller
The Hollywood Ten -
Actors, directors and writers who
refused to testify before
Congress
Who am I?
Langston
Hughes
• The H10 were banned for the
industry for life (1978) blacklisted
(over 300 people would be boycotted
including Charlie Chaplin and
Humphrey Bogart)
In response to the investigations, many
studios began producing
Anti-communist and Anti-Soviet films
The Red Menace, The Red Danube,
I Married a Communist, Red Planet Mars,
I Was A Communist for the FBI,
Invasion of the Body Snatchers
Spies among us……
•
•
•
•
Alger Hiss Was convicted of lying under oath
Said he had been framed
The Pumpkin Papers revealed war
time documents (from pre-WWII)
Hiss went to jail for 5 years
Hiss (circled) at Chamber’s HUAC Trial
•
•
•
•
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
Was convicted selling nuclear secrets
to the Soviets
Never confessed to the crime
(convicted on another spy’s word)
Were both electrocuted (in NY)
Ethel was the first woman to die by
electric chair
Senator Joseph McCarthy….
Communist Hunter!
McCarthyism
• Feb. 1950
McCarthy claims he has the
names of 205 Communists
working in the US govt.
He begins a political witch hunt
using Congress as his forum
(Arthur Miller -The Crucible)
McCarthy never produced the list of supposed Communists.
How many were on the list…200, uhhhh..57, uhhhh…125, uhhhh…a lot!
Think politicians only lie today….
Joseph McCarthy was nicked named
“Tailgunner Joe” for serving as a gunner on
an airplane during WWII. The closest he ever
got to a tailgun… was looking at it (observer).
His Distinguished Service Cross…
he forged the papers himself.
• McCarthy accused
hundreds of people and
ruined their lives
McCarthy first reveals his list… At a Ladie’s Rotary meeting!
• President Eisenhower
denounced his actions and
wanted the Senate to
censure him
So what finally stopped
McCarthy?
TELEVISION!
• 1955 - His live televised trials
showed his relentless tactics that
Americans didn’t like
(He Bullied witnesses, manipulated the
truth and embarrassed innocent people)
Congress finally censured him
(reprimanded and ordered him to stop)
In the end, he failed to produce
ONE single communist .
He died from alcoholism in
1957
1. ___ Benjamin Spock
2. ___ Hermann Goering
3. ___ Joseph Stalin
4. ___ Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
5. ___ Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)
6. ___ George F. Kennan
7. ___ Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
8. ___ George C. Marshall
9. ___ J. Robert Oppenheimer
10.___ Reinhold Niebuhr
11.___ Richard Nixon
12.___ Joseph McCarthy
13.___ Henry A. Wallace
14.___ Strom Thurmond
15.___ Douglas MacArthur
Chapter 36
1.Explain the causes and consequences of the post-World War II economic
boom.
2.Describe the postwar migrations to the “Sunbelt” and the suburbs.
3.Explain changes in American society and culture brought about by the
“baby boom.”
4.Explain the growth of tension between the United States and the Soviet
Union after Germany’s defeat and Truman’s accession to the presidency.
5.Describe the early Cold War conflicts over Germany and Eastern Europe,
and the failure of the United Nations to resolve Soviet-American tensions.
6.Discuss American efforts to “contain” the Soviets through the Truman
Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO.
7.Describe the growing concern about Soviet spying and internal Communist
subversion, and climate of fear it engendered.
8.Describe the expansion of the Cold War to East Asia, including the
Chinese Communist revolution and the Korean War.