Download Day 10 Unit 1 Loose Ends

Unit 1 Loose Ends and
Test Review
You are getting a classwork grade for how DILIGENTLY
you work on the worksheet.
Turn in WHAT YOU FINISH by the end of class.
If you want to take it home, for study purposes, see me
AFTER 3rd period.
S
Qualitative and Quantitative
Data
S Qualitative (think quality)
S These are observations usually.
S It’s blue. It’s hot. It’s cool. It’s smells like rotten eggs.
S Remember to look for qualitative date when you do your lab experiments.
S Quantitative (think quantity or amount)
S These are the numbers you measure.
S 5.0 g of baking soda. 2L of diet Coke. 4.5 moles of CO2.
S Remember to record quantitative data in your lab notebook when you do
experiments too.
Errors
S We will discuss error primarily in our labs.
S Always include a discussion of any errors that
happened in your experiment in your “Analysis of
Data” section of your lab report.
S What kind of errors can you have in your labs?
S Random
S Systemic
Errors
http://www.budapesthotels.com/sitepic/error_button.png
http://images.intomobile.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/easy-button.jpg
S Random errors are mistakes.
S You can reduce or eliminate random errors.
Easy Button
These usually come from being unprepared
(not reading the lab prior to doing it), rushing
to get done, and careless errors (like forgetting
to do a step).
S Systemic errors are errors that are present in
your system.
S You can’t do anything about these. If your
Error Button
data is precise, but not accurate this might
indicate that you had systemic error.
Sig Figs
S 50 just means that your measurement is somewhere
between 49 and 51.
S 50.0 means that your measurement is somewhere
between 49.9 and 50.1
S 50.00 means that your measurement is somewhere
between 49.99 and 50.01
S 50.000 means that your measurement is somewhere
between 49.999 and 50.001
The more sig figs in your measurement, the more
confidence you have that it’s “exactly” 50 mL or 50 g.
Density
http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/img/cache/bcb9b8db117ee64376aedaf7af3595ca/sevenlayer-2-51908.jpg
Higher density layers on
the bottom and lower
density layers on the top.
Is oil more or less dense
than water?
Density is WHY Ice Floats
http://www.dharma.org/ims/images/pi_ice_on_pond.jpg
S Ice is actually kind of
strange, because water is
a very unique
compound.
S Most substances are
more dense as a solid
than they are as a liquid.
S Ice is an exception to
this rule.
S If ice didn’t float, all the
fish in this lake would
die during the winter.
Measure your Kinetic Energy =
Take Your Temperature!
http://www.avogadro.co.uk/miscellany/t-and-p/thermometers.gif
S Kelvin temperature was defined to be a
measure of the kinetic energy of the
sample of matter.
S 0K is ABSOLUTE zero.
S A sample of matter at 300K has twice as
much kinetic energy as a sample of matter
at 150K.
S Temperature is directly proportional to
kinetic energy.
S You must remember how to convert from
°C to K and vice versa. It WILL be on
the SOL. You need a formula!
Organic Flavor
S This year, we will have an Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry “flavor” from time to time.
S Organic = any compound which contains
carbon.
S Biochem = study of organic compounds which
appear in living things.
Organic Products ≠
Organic Chemistry
S Many people prefer organic products for lots of
reasons.
S People think they are eating healthier and not
putting “chemicals” into their body by using organic
products.
S However, scientific evidence (so far) proves that
there is little difference in organic produce in
terms of taste, safety and nutritional value
compared to “non-organic” produce.
Organic Compounds
S All organic compounds contain C.
S Originally organic meant “comes from nature.”
S However, not all organic compounds come
from nature or living things today.
S Some are created by scientists in a lab.
Aspirin
S Aspirin occurs naturally in willow tree bark. It is an
organic compound.
S Hippocrates (father of modern medicine) was known to
make a powder of willow bark and leaves to cure
headaches and fevers as early as 400 BC.
S Aspirin was first isolated chemically in Germany in 1897
at Bayer, a chemical company.
S Aspirin is quite easy to make in the lab (we do it in AP
Chem). Many pharmaceutical products are very
difficult to make, however.
Hydrocarbons
S The simplest organic compounds are called
hydrocarbons.
S These compounds ONLY contain C and H.
S Hydrocarbons are also called
S “fossil fuels” (because they come from decomposed
living things) and
S “petrochemicals” (because they are found in petroleum).
S Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons found in
geologic formations beneath the Earth’s surface.
HC = Hydrocarbons
S Petroleum (also known as crude oil) is separated
by distillation. Oil and gasoline, and a lot of other
comounds, are in the mixture known as
“petroleum.”
S In distillation, you boil a mixture of hydrocarbons.
Since each hydrocarbon has a unique boiling point,
they can be separated from each other in this way.
(Test alert!)
S The simplest HC is methane. Methane’s formula
is CH4. Learn this!
HC = Hydrocarbons
S A saturated hydrocarbon contains the
maximum amount of hydrogen. Saturated
means it cannot take any more than it already
has.
S An unsaturated hydrocarbon does NOT
contain the maximum amount of hydrogen. It
can take more. It also means that there are
double or triple bonds in the compound.
Polymers
S Large molecule composed of repeating units of simple
molecules (called monomers).
S Mono = one
S Poly = many
S Think about Legos blocks. Each block is a monomer.
When you hook a bunch of blocks together, you get a
large chain (the polymer).
S There are two types of polymers (more on this in a later
unit).
S Natural
S Synthetic (not natural or man-made)
Polymers
S Natural Polymers
S Proteins (monomer = amino acids)
S Starch and Cellulose (monomer = sugar molecules)
S DNA and RNA (monomer = purine and pyrimidine bases)
S Synthetic Polymers
S Plastics
S polyethylene (PE) also known as polythene
S polyvinylchloride (PVC)
S polystyrene also known as Styrofoam
S Sodium polyacrylate (the absorbent polymer in Huggies diapers)
S Fibers (nylon, rayon, polyester)
S Kevlar (produced in Richmond, VA)
S Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene)
The End
What is next?
Unit 2: Chapter 4, 5, 6, 25.
S