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6-3-04
Neck (Plate 31a)
Skin
Subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia of neck
a. muscles – facial expression (platysma)
b. nerve supply and vessles in adipose tissue
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia – invests the SCM and Trapezius
Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
a. deep back muscles – levators, scalenes, (Why more posterior muscles – you
need these to maintain erect posture)
b. vertebral column and prevertebral muscles (flexors)
Prevertebral space is deep to vertebral fascia
Retropharyngeal space – goes to base of skull behind trachea to mediastinum where the
trachea bifricates (this is a big space where you could have a lot of bleeding or have a
problem with an infection spreading)
Infrahyoid or strap muscles – Muscular layer of deep cervical fascia or middle layer of
deep cervical fascia
Visceral portion of deep cervical fascia (visceral layer)– thyroid, parathyroid, trachea,
esophagus
Carotid sheath – internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, internal carotid artery
Sympathetic chain
Skull (plate 10)
Jugular foramen – glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal accessory nerve,
Hypoglossal canal - Hypoglossal Nerve
Carotid canal – internal carotid artery and sympathetic chain
Know Branches of external carotid artery and the internal carotid and cranial nerves 9-12
Plate 26
Longus collie
Longus capitus
Rectus capitus lateralis
Rectus capitus anterior
Scalenes
Pharynx (plate 59, 60a, 60b, 62, 63, 64)
- open space posterior to nose, mouth, and larynx
Muscles of pharynx are constrictors – pharyngeal constrictors
There is no proper anterior wall of the pharynx – the anterior wall is just space
Choanae - connection to the nasal cavitiy and nasopharynx
Pharyngela isthmus – connects nasal pharynx to oral pharynx
a. nasopharynx – behind the nose, posterior to soft palate and nose (expiratory)
a. torus tuberious – elevation or ridge formed by cartilage of tube
(auditory or Eustachian tube) (equalize pressure)
b. salpingopharyngeal muscle
c. pharyngeal tonsil (when inflamed called adenoids)
b. Oropharynx –
Gross Anatomy 2
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a. Oropharyngela isthmus – communicates with oral cavity and
oropharynx
b. Palatine tonsil – (tonsils) lymphatic tissue, rough
c. Chronic cryptic tonsilitis – constant infection of tonsils
d. Lingual tonsils – posterior and inferior to tongue
Epiglotitis – can close the throat if inflamed enough
Superior phayrngal constrictor –
origin – medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, pterygoid mandibular rraphe, tongue, mandible
Middle phayrngeal constrictor
Origin – hyoid bone (easiest to find for dissection)
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
Origin – cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage
SAME Insertion – median or pharyngeal rraphe
FOR Innervated by pharyngeal plexus – cranial nerve 9 and 10a
ALL 3 Action – constrict the pharynx
Between superior and middle constrictor is the stylo pharyngeous muscle and
glossopharyngeal nerve.
Gross Anatomy 2
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Stylo-pharyngeous muscle
Origin – medial aspect of styloid process
Insertion – thyroid cartilage
Action – elevates the pharynx (disphagia)
Innervated – cranial nerve 9 (glossopharyngeal)
Piriform recess has 2 things running through it and it is is located between the middle and
inferior constrictors Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (ALWAYS TAGGED)
Superior laryngeal artery which is a branch of the superior thyroid artery
Below inferior constrictor Recurrent or (inferior) laryngeal nerve (loops under subclavian artery on left
under arch of aorta on right and is mainly motor to voice muscles, some sensory) and
inferior laryngeal artery
Plate 71 (MEMORIZE)
From vagus the Superior laryngeal nerve branches into internal and external branches
Plate 125, 121, 122, 124
Cranial nerve IX, X, and XI go through jugular foramen
Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve goes into Pharyngeal plexus but innervates the
stylopharyngeous muscle
Spinal part of the spinal accessory and cranial part both go through the foramen magnum
and then down through the jugular foramen.
Gross Anatomy 2
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Ambigous nucleus is actually the cranial part of the spinal accessory nerve
Hypoglossal nerve (XII) – lateral aspect of the neck ascendens hypoglossy
Sympathetic chain is next to internal carotid
Plate 30b - Common carotid
External – superior thyroid branches to superior laryngeal(runs with internal branch of
the superior laryngeal nerve)
Occipital artery and posterior auricular artery
Superficial temporal and Transverse facial are terminal branches
Maxillary artery
Lingual artery
Gross Anatomy 2
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Gross Anatomy 2
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