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A(n) __________________________ is a pure substance that can not be broken down into any other
substance by some physical or chemical method and from which all more complex forms of matter or
substances are made when they are combined together in different ways and in different amounts. P. 9, 70,
45.
VCR: Atoms and Molecules
46. The smallest particle of any element that you can have which still possesses all of the physical and
chemical properties of that element is a single ______________________________of that element. P. 10,
VCR: Atoms and Molecules
47. Nearly 2000 years ago the Greek philosopher ___________________________gave us the word atom
when he said that all matter was composed of tiny indivisible particles called “atomos.” P. 73, VCR:
Atoms and Molecules
48. At the present time about ___________different elements have been discovered and officially
recognized and named. P. 84 - 85, VCR: Atoms and Molecules, VCR: Changes in Properties of Matter
49. An orderly arrangement of the 118 different elements on a chart according to each element’s unique
chemical symbol, atomic number, atomic mass number, and physical and chemical properties is called
the ______________________________ of elements. P. 82, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
50. The periodic table of elements was originally created by a Russian chemist named
______________________________________ and later it was modified and changed to the modern version
of the periodic table that we use today by a British chemist named ___________________________ P. 81
51. Each element found on the periodic table of elements has a unique single letter (Hydrogen – H), two
letter (Helium – He ) or three letter (Unnilquadiam – Unq) abbreviation which is called the
_______________________________ of that element. P. 83
52. _____________________created the unique one, two or three letter chemical symbol for each element.
53. In addition to each element having a unique chemical symbol each element found on the periodic table
of elements also has a unique _______________________________________number and
________________________________________number P. 83, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
54. The atomic number of an element is usually always ____________________________ in numerical
value than the atomic mass number of that element. P. 83, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
55. The atomic number of the element
10.811
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is ___________. P. 83, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
56. On the periodic table of elements those elements which have an atomic number of ______(Hydrogen) to
___________(Uranium) are naturally occuring elements which can be found to exist somewhere in the
earth’s land, water, or air.
57. On the periodic table of elements those elements which have an atomic number of _____ (Neptunium)
to ______ (Ununoctium) are synthetic or man made elements which have a very short life span that
only allows them to be made in a laboratory under very special conditions.
58. The atomic _____________________________________ of an element is a measurement of the average
mass of all the different kinds of atoms (isotopes) of an element. P. 83, 79, 81, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
Example: There are 17 different kinds of Tin (Sn) atoms (isotopes) and the average mass (atomic mass or
weight) of these 17 different kinds of Tin (50 Sn 118.69) atoms (isotopes) is 118.69
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59. The atomic mass number of an element is sometimes called the element’s atomic __________________.
VCR: Atoms and Molecules
60. The atomic mass number or atomic weight of an element is usually always _______________________
in numerical value than the atomic number of the element. P. 83, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
61. The atomic mass number or atomic weight of the element
Atoms and Molecules
3 Li
6.941
is ____________. P. 83, VCR:
62. Any particle which composes an atom that is smaller than the atom that it composes is called a(n)
_______________________________particle. VCR: Atoms and Molecules
63. The four different forces which hold the subatomic particles that compose an atom of an element
together are: VCR: Atoms and Molecules
A. __________________________________
B. ___________________________________
C. __________________________________
D. ___________________________________
64. The three most important subatomic particles found in an atom of an element which determines most of
an element’s physical and chemical properties and the types of physical and chemical changes that it can
undergo are the _______________________, _______________________, and _____________________.
P. 74 - 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
65. The only atom of an element which does not contain at least one proton, one neutron, and one electron is
an atom of the element ________________________________.
66. An atom of the element hydrogen contains ______ proton(s), ______ neutron(s), and _____ electron(s).
67. The subatomic particles which compose an atom of an element are found in either the
_________________________________ or the ______________________________________ of the atom.
P. 75, 76, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
68. A(n) ______________________________ is a subatomic particle which has a positive electrical charge.
P. 75, 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
69. Protons are only found in the _____________________________ of an atom. P. 75, 77, VCR: Atoms
and Molecules
70. The chemical abbreviation for one proton is _______ and the abbreviation for seven protons is _______.
71. The number of the protons found in the nucleus of an atom of an element determines nearly all of an
element’s ____________________________ properties VCR: Atoms and Molecules
72. You can NEVER change (increase or decrease) the number of ____________________________ found
in the nucleus of the atom of an element otherwise you would change it into an atom of a different element.
73. An atom of the element mercury (Hg) has 80 protons in its nucleus but if I removed one of those protons
from its nucleus it would no long be an atom of the element mercury instead it would change into an atom of
the element ________________________ which has 79 protons in its nucleus.
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74. A single proton has a mass of _____________________ Atomic Mass Unit (AMU). P. 78, VCR:
Atoms and Molecules
75. One proton has approximately the same mass as one _______________________________. P. 78,
VCR: Atoms and Molecules
76. Most of an element’s atomic weight or its rounded off atomic mass number is determined by adding the
total number of _____________________________________ and _________________________________
found in the nucleus of an atom of that element together.
P. 77, 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
77. The total number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of an element is equal to the
__________________________________ number of that element. P. 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
78. How many protons are found in a neutral atom of the element
P. 77, 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
9
F 19
_____________ protons
79. A(n) _____________________ is a subatomic particle which has a negative electrical charge. P. 74, 77,
VCR: Atoms and Molecules
80. The negative electrical charge of one electron is equal to but opposite the positive electrical charge of
one ________________________________. P. 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
81. The abbreviation for one electron is _______ and the abbreviation for seven electrons is ___________.
82. Electrons are only found in the _________________________________________of an atom. P. 76, 77,
VCR: Atoms and Molecules
83. The number and arrangement of the electrons found in the electron cloud of an atom determines nearly
all of an element’s ________________________________ properties. P. 125, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
84. The total number of electrons found in the electron cloud of an atom adds very little to the mass of an
atom since it takes nearly ______________electrons to equal the mass of one proton or one neutron. P. 78
85. The electrons found in the electron cloud of an atom are arranged in layers called
_______________________________________, ____________________________________________ or
_______________________________________________of electrons. P. 76, 125
86. The names of the different energy levels, shells or orbitals of electrons which compose the electron cloud
of an atom, starting with the shell of electrons which is closest to the nucleus are the ___________ shell,
___________ shell, __________ shell, and __________ shell.
87. The maximum number of electrons which can be placed in the K shell or orbital of electrons is _______.
88. The maximum number of electrons which can be placed in the L shell or orbital of electrons is _______.
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89. The maximum number of electrons which can be placed in the M shell or orbital of electrons is _______.
90. The maximum number of electrons which can be placed in the N shell or orbital of electrons is _______.
91. The last or outer most shell of electrons in an atom is called the __________________________ shell of
electrons in that atom. P. 125
92. The electrons which compose the valence shell of electrons in an atom are called __________________
electrons in that atom. P.125
93. The number and arrangement of the _________________________ in the valence shell of an atom of an
element primarily determines if and how an atom of that element will chemically bond to another atom
of an element during a chemical reaction to form a molecule of a compound. P. 125
94. The number of electrons and protons found in an atom of an element are normally the _______________
since atoms of elements are usually neutral in charge. P. 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
95. The total number of electrons found in the electron cloud of an atom of an element is equal to the
_____________________________number of that element. P. 77 – 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
96. How many electrons are found in a neutral atom of the element
P. 77 - 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
63.55
Cu
29
_____________ electrons
97. A(n) ________________________ is a subatomic particle which has no electrical charge. P. 77, VCR:
Atoms and Molecules
98. Neutrons are only found in the ________________________ of an atom. P. 77, VCR: Atoms and
Molecules
99. The abbreviation for one neutron is ________ and the abbreviation for seven neutrons is __________ .
100. A single proton has a mass of _____________________ Atomic Mass Unit (AMU).
P. 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
101. One neutron has approximately the same mass as one ___________________. P. 78, VCR: Atoms
and Molecules
102. Most of an element’s atomic weight or its rounded off atomic mass number is determined by adding the
total number of _____________________________________ and _________________________________
found in the nucleus of an atom of that element together.
P. 77, 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
103. The number of neutrons found in the nucleus of a neutral atom of an element is determined
by rounding off the _______________________________ number of that element to the nearest whole
number if it hasn’t already been rounded off and then _____________________________________ its
___________________________ number from it. VCR: Atoms and Molecules
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104. How many neutrons are found in the nucleus of a neutral atom of the element
P. 73 – 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
11
Na
23
_________neutrons
105. Some of the many different models which were developed and used throughout history to show the
structure of an atom of an element were: P. 73 – 77
A. ________________________________model proposed by ____________________________________
B. ________________________________ model proposed by ____________________________________
C. _________________________model proposed by _____________________ and ___________________
D. ________________________________ model proposed by____________________________________
E. _________________________________ model proposed by ___________________________________
106. Draw a planetary model of a neutral atom of the element 30 Zn 65.39 showing the total number,
abbreviation, and electrical charge of the protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of that atom and
the total number, abbreviation, and electrical charge of the electrons found in each of that atom’s shells.
Also, don’t forget to label each shell of electrons with its appropriate letter name.
107. An atom of an element which has a positive or negative electrical charge is called a(n) ___________ of
that element. P. 131 – 132, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
108. An ion of an element is formed when _________________________ are added to or removed from
the valence shell of a neutral atom of that element. P. 131, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
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109. A(n) _________________________ ion of an element if formed when one or more electrons are
removed from the valence shell of a neutral atom of that element. P. 131
110. For each electron you remove from the valence shell of a neutral atom of an element the ion of that
element will become more _____________________________ by ______________ each time. P. 131
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111. Draw a planetary model of a positive two ion of the element
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112. A(n) ______________________ ion of an element is formed when one or more electrons are added to
the valence shell of a neutral atom of that element. P. 131
113. For each electron you add to the valence shell of a neutral atom of an element the ion of that element
will become more _____________________________ by _______________ each time. P. 131
114. Draw a planetary model of a negative two ion of the element
5
B
10.811
115. A neutral atom of an element which has a mass that is greater than or less than the mass of a neutral
atom of that element is called a(n) _________________ of that element. P. 79, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
116. An isotope of an element is formed when one or more ____________________ are added to or removed
from the nucleus of a neutral atom of that element. P. 79, VCR: Atoms and Molecules
117. A(n) _______________________ isotope of an element is formed when one or more neutrons are
added to the nucleus of a neutral atom of that element.
P. 79
118. Draw a planetary model of a heavy isotope of the element
5
B
11
119. A(n) _______________________ isotope of an element is formed when one or more neutrons are
removed from the nucleus of a neutral atom of that element. P. 79
120. Draw a planetary model of a light isotope of the element
10.811
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