Download Anatomy and Physiology Intro Study Guide

Name ________________________________ Hour ____
STUDY GUIDE: INTRO TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
1. Both Anatomy and Physiology are biological terms used to describe the study of the body,
typically the human body. However, in some college courses Anatomy is studied separate from
Physiology. What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?
2. The structures of the body are organized into successively larger and more complex structures.
Fill in the answer blanks with the correct terms for these increasingly larger structures. (Try to
do this without looking it up first!)
Atoms  Molecules  Organelles  ___________  ______________ 
_____________  _______________  Organism
3. Identify which organ system fits best with each statement.
Choices:
Car = Cardiovascular (Circulatory)
Res = Respiratory (Circulatory)
Inte = Integumentary (Skin)
Mus = Muscular
Endo = Endocrine
Ner = Nervous
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
Excr = Excretory (Urinary)
Repr = Reproductive
Dig = Digestive
Skel = Skeletal
Lym = Lymphatic (Circulatory)
Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes
Is affected by the removal of the thyroid gland
Evaluates the environment and stimulates the body to respond if need be
Provides support and levers on which the muscular system can act
Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood
Remembers what a virus looks like for future exposure to the disease
Breaks down food into small particles that can be absorbed
Protects the underlying organs from drying out
Destroys foreigners such as bacteria and tumor cells
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues
Removes carbon dioxide from the blood
Moves the limbs; allows for facial expression
Conserves body water or eliminates excess
Allows conception and childbearing
Controls the body with chemicals called hormones
Is damaged when you cut your finger or get a severe sunburn
Responds quickly to maintain homeostasis
4. The human body contains two main cavities. Define cavity as it relates to the body:
5. Label the following cavities on the drawing below: Dorsal, Ventral, Thoracic, Abdominal,
Pelvic, Cranial, Spinal. Label the diaphragm as well. Then highlight the Dorsal cavity in either
pink or blue and the Ventral body cavity in either yellow or green.
Source:
http://www.biologycorner.com/anato
my/chap1_notes.html or
http://www.biologycorner.com/anato
my/images/BodyCavity2_label.jpg
July 17, 2008
8
6. What structure separates the Thoracic from the Abdominopelvic cavity? ________________
7. Using the choices, identify which body cavity the following organs would be located in.
Choices:
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
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A = Abdominopelvic cavity
T = Thoracic cavity
a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
d. Lungs
e. Spleen
f. Liver
g. Spinal cord
C = Cranial cavity
S = Spinal cavity
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
h. Bladder
i. Brain
j. Heart
k. Pancreas
l. Gall bladder
m. Thymus gland
n. Kidneys
8. Match the appropriate anterior regional terms to the descriptions below.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Abdominal
Antecubital
Axillary
Brachial
Buccal
Cervical
Crural
Digital
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Femoral
Frontal
Inguinal
Mammary
Mental
Nasal
Oral
Orbital
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
V.
Patellar
Pelvic
Plantar
Pubic
Sural
Umbilical
a. Armpit
b. Shin area
c. Thigh region
d. Neck region
e. “Belly button” area
f. Genital area
g. Anterior aspect of elbow
h. Area where the trunk meets thigh
i. Cheek
j. Forehead region
k. Chin
9. Match the appropriate posterior regional terms to the descriptions below.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Acromial
Antebrachial
Brachial
Carpal
Cephalic
Cervical
Cranial
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
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H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
Digital
Femoral
Gluteal
Hallux
Lumbar
Olecranon
Plantar
a. Buttock area
b. Posterior aspect of head
c. Back area from ribs to hips
d. Upper arm
e. Forearm
f. Calf region
g. Back of knee
h. Wrist
i. Elbow region
j. Bottom of foot
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
Pollex
Popliteal
Sacral
Sural
Tarsal
Thoracic
10. The following images were taken of the cervical region. List which body plane each image
represents. One of the choices will be used twice.
Choices:
Sag = Sagittal plane
Hor = Horizontal plane
Cor = Coronal plane
a. _____
c. _____
b. _____
d. _____
Source: http://www.ajnr.org/content/vol27/issue10/images/large/zj40100602330001.jpeg July 17, 2008
11. Sometimes these body planes are referred to by other names.
a. What is the sagittal plane called that is directly in between the left and right sides of the
body? (List both possibilities.)
b. What other term is used to represent the horizontal plane?
c. What is another name for the coronal plane?
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12. Anatomical directions: Complete the paragraph to the right using the following choices.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
Anterior
Distal
Frontal
Inferior
Lateral
Medial
Posterior
Proximal
Sagittal
Superior
Transverse
In the anatomical position, the face and palms are on the
_________ body surface, the buttocks and shoulder blades are on
the __________ body surface, and the top of the head is the most
__________ part of the body. The ears are _________ to the
shoulders and _________ to the nose. The heart is _________ to
the spine and _________ to the lungs. The elbow is _________ to
the fingers but _________ to the shoulder. In humans, the dorsal
surface can also be called the _________ surface; however, in
four-legged animals, the dorsal surface is the _________ surface.
If an incision cuts the heart into right and left parts, the section
is a _________ section, but if the heart is cut so that anterior and
posterior parts result, the section is a _________ section. If the
heart is cut into superior and inferior halves, the section is a
__________ section.
13. Define homeostasis?
14. Identify the receptor, control center, and effector in the following example:
Walking outside in cold weather, the skin senses a drop in temperature sends a
signal to the brain. The body responds to warm the body up so that it doesn’t feel
as cold. This response is what we call “shivering”. Once the body is warmed up,
the control center stops sending a signal to the muscles to contract to produce this
response.
Receptor _____________ Control center ______________ Effector _______________
15. Give another example of a negative feedback mechanism other than body temperature.
Adapted from the study guide “Chapter 1: The Human Body – An Orientation” from Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology, Fourth Edition (1994) by Elaine N. Marieb.
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