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ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 2, ISSUE 2. SEPTEMBER 2012 Building Management System for IQRA University Waqar Tariq, Abid Mustafa, Zahid Rasool, S.M.Haseeb, S.Mubarak Ali, Ashad Mustafa†, Shujat Khan, Saad Irfan Warsi Abstract— In the world of today, a major change in technology can be seen as an advantage, a number of different fields from industrial & communication to household application can be automatically controlled. This paper presents a building management system (BMS) that has been designed for Iqra University using AT89C52, which is the key module in order to perform the controlling and automation. The main area of this BMS focuses on switching and controlling of the power input/output, beside this security and HVAC process has also kept as a main concern in this system. Index Terms—AT89C52, BMS, and HVAC I. INTRODUCTION In this era, where energy management is the concern of everyone, the buildings are being constructed in a manner to provide maximum comfort and ease to the people with minimum energy utilization. This whole thing is only possible with the help of controlling devices that are to be installed in a building during construction. This controlling can be of any type, from simple switching on and off of the lights, to water motor control and many more. Therefore main idea of designing this system is to automate these operations of the plant in most resourceful manner [1-3] Besides controlling, security factor has also been kept in concern with password protection. Cameras, fire alarms systems, main gate security and main gate barrier automation has been kept at priority in this system. Another features which is required in a multiple story building is elevator, which can also been found in our system. A BMS example system shown in figure 1 is a computerized system that analyses the specific necessities of a particular building by controlling the associated plant installed in it and helps save the energy [5]. The devices installed outside the buildings are connected with panels which can be switch on or off over different sets of instructions. The working of BMS is totally based on the input in a form of information by the devices such as sensors, once the information is collected it can be processed with the help of controller that will further instruct the system to perform a specific task, in this BMS, switching on and off of the plant can be controlled in the same manner, plant can be set to a respective temperature in order to provide heating and cooling with respect to the temperature outside the building. [2] †The authors are associated with Iqra University Engineering Project Lab. Corresponding author: [email protected]. Figure 1 Building Management System [8] Building Management System Automation & Optimization Monitoring Controlling Figure 2 Functions of basic Building Management System A. Background: Building Management system have been introduced to this world in 1970, initially it was started with very limited features but within time a lot of changes and modifications had been made, started with the controlling of power and lightening to heating and cooling of a building together with the alarm system as a further modification in order to provide maximum security. Intrusions can be easily monitored with the help of closed circuit television CCTV [9]. B. Characteristics Building Management System is based on the controlling of temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide inside the building, basic functions of BMS can be seen in figure 2 the priority is given to maintain a specific temperature in a building by controlling the heating and cooling, which is done by operations of fan, ventilation and damper. Beside this minimization of carbon dioxide followed by increase in oxygen has also been kept as an important feature. 106 STUDENT PAPER ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 2, ISSUE 2. SEPTEMBER 2012 This building management system is mainly designed to manage and supervise the following activities: 1. Electrical Distribution Panels 2. Lighting Control 3. Air Conditioning System 4. Fire Alarm & Fire Fighting 5. Public Address 6. CCTV System Monitoring 7. Elevators 8. Access Control, Parking Access, Intrusion Detection 9. PABX 10. UPS 11. Water Consumption Some of the major advantages of this system include good control of internal comfort conditions, possibility of individual room control, effective monitoring and targeting of energy consumption, improved plant reliability and life, save time and money during the maintenance, control Of building, central or remote control and monitoring of building, remote Monitoring of the plants (such as AHU, Fire pumps, plumbing pumps, Electrical supply, STP, WTP etc.) The electronic circuit of microcontrollers, power supplies sensors and R.F. modules, can be glimpsed in the attached figures other components may be considered as secondary for counter a computer is setup to view the orders coming from the table, software implemented for monitoring i.e. visual basic. II. METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE B. Implementation Phase The Building structure is equipped with electronic circuits, power supplies, controller, sensors, and DC motors. To eliminate the possibilities of hardware damage everything is needed to be secured in their right places. The project consists of hardware (Prototype with mechanical and electrical components) intended to exhibit a complete management system of a building manifested in dummy building model, For this purpose we chose Iqra University’s main campus model. The building was completely made up of steel, a 5X6 steel sheet is used to model and a DC motor is interfaced with the microcontroller. The design of entire Building defined the complete aspects of a Building Management System. A. Design Phase The first and initial step is to build a model to apply the building management system. The building of Iqra University’s main campus was selected (see figure 3) and a prototype made up of metal sheets was designed. The model measurement is 5*6 Feet. The prototype consist of 20 metal sheets latter connected to each other to form a complete three story large building with 56 windows, gates, lifts, corridors, walk trough gates, main entrance with barriers. The Building was designed in 20 pieces the electronic components can be mounted easily and enable smooth movement, transportation and placement of building. The building was sprayed painted in the last phase of model designing. C. Testing Phase Testing of this project has been made after every single modification made; this project is composed of different area, tested individually and brought together to make a complete system. Figure 3 Complete Prototype with BMS 107 STUDENT PAPER ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 2, ISSUE 2. SEPTEMBER 2012 III. HARDWARE DESIGN The Hardware of this Building Management System has been designed in such a manner that can carry out all the operations and instructions discussed in the paper. A. Structural Design The structure of the building is separated into different groups which are based on the requirements, the base, is made up of strong and heavy metal in order to support to the structure of the heavy metallic building. The DC motor installed should be capable enough to produce power with the aim of carrying the entire weight of Elevators. Figure 4 depicts the card, parking barriers and digital gate locker. Figure 5 Light Switches B. Mechanical Consideration Mechanics is one of the important aspects to be considered as majority of the system has components completely based on mechanical implementations. Figure 4 Enterance gate digital lock and card parking barriers C. Electronic Components Microcontroller has been used, as it has the mail role in this system in order to control the devices connected, beside controller transistor has also been used in order to control switching the connection between the two has been made by connecting the base of a transistor to the controller’s output pin, this makes the switching easy. Controller usually needs 5V dc in order to operate therefore for that a regulate IC 7805 has also been installed in order to provide fix 5v dc output. LED’s and LCD has been kept in this system in order to perform their respective tasks, such as LED’s are used to show illumination of each room together with its controlling from main supply. Whereas for Security processing and Passwords LCD has been used. MAX232 has been used for counter receiver circuit to as a level converter. Since RS-232 is not compatible for TTL logic circuits therefore we have used this MAX232 IC to convert the signal into TTL logic [6]. Two 12V dc electromechanical relay of 12Vdc have been used by in the motor driver circuit as a switch. . Figure 6 BMS Circuit PCB1 108 STUDENT PAPER ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 2, ISSUE 2. SEPTEMBER 2012 Buzzer is used; it’s a simple transducer which is capable enough of converting the electrical signals into sound. It is switched on as soon as any intrusion takes place, for example if a sensor detects fire, controller will immediately send a signal to buzzer. The communication between the system and computer has been possible by using RS-232 protocol which basically transmits and receives data serially. DC gear motors have also been installed in order to drive the elevators and motors via controller. Switches of building a light is shown in figure 5. IV. CONCLUSION In this paper a Building Management System (BMS), is introduced, that is able to provide comfortable working environment in an efficient way [3]. AT80C52 is the core component used on every part of the project, elevators, gates, barriers, and the BMS itself. Mechanical design was incorporated as prototype needs proper shape and to make it look pleasant [7]. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Iqra University for providing technical research environment. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Swarnalatha P, “Building Management System Using Windows Communication Foundation And XAML” International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.3 (2), 2011, 95-99 Ler, Eng Loo, “Intelligent Building Automation System”. Faculty of Engineering and Surveying Byron A. Ellis, Building Automation Systems. THE JETHRO PROJECT Hamid Reza Naji, “Intelligent Building Management Systems using Multi Agents: Fuzzy Approach” International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 14– No.6, February 2011. “Lighting control saves money and makes sense". Daintree Networks. http://www.daintree.net/downloads/whitepapers/smart-lighting.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-19 Texas Instruments “Dual EIA-232 Drivers/Recivers MAX 232”, http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/max232.pdf Atmel, “8-bit Microcontroller with 8K Bytes Flash AT89C52” http://www.atmel.com/Images/doc0313.pdf Dr. CHAN Lok Shun Apple “Building Management System” http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bsapplec/building.htm Technical Facilities Solutions “Building Management Systems” http://www.tfsmanagement.com/Building-Management-Systems.php Figure 7 BMS Circuit PCB2 109 STUDENT PAPER