Download Stat 281 Test 2 Prac..

Stat 281: Intro to Statistics
F2003, Dr. Galster
Test 2 Practice
Name__________________
1. Matching: Fill in the appropriate letters in the blanks below.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
Binomial Distribution
Combination
Complementary
Cumulative Distribution Function
Discrete Distribution
Empirical Probability
Event
Exhaustive
Independent
Mean of a Distribution
Mutually Exclusive
n-Factorial
Outcome
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N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
V.
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
Poisson Distribution
Probability (in general)
Probability Density Function
Probability Experiment
Random Variable
Sample Space
Subjective Probability
Theoretical Probability
Trial
Standard Normal
Uniform Distribution
Variance of a Distribution
z ( )
The expected relative frequency of an event in the long run
Probability is determined by counting frequency of actual occurrences
Probability determined by analyzing the known characteristics of an experiment
Probability determined on the basis of personal opinion or experience
A repeatable process that yields a recordable result or observation
The smallest unit of an experiment, or one repetition
The immediate or physical result of an experiment
The collection of all outcomes
A subset of the sample space
Two or more events that cannot occur at the same time
Two or more events that, together, make up the whole sample space
Each event contains all the outcomes that are not in the other
The occurrence of one event does not change the probability of another
A function that assigns a numerical value to an outcome of an experiment
Expected Value of X
E( X   )2
n(n  1)(n  2) (2)(1)
The number of ways to choose x objects out of a group of n objects
Gives the probabilities of all values of a discrete random variable
Fixed number of trials, independent trials, binary response, constant P(success).
Fixed mean number of occurrences per unit time or space, infinite discrete values
Gives the height of the graph we use to calculate continuous probabilities
Gives P( X  x) for a continuous distribution
Same probability for any sub-intervals of the same size within some closed interval
Also known as N (0,1)
z-value for a particular probability to the right of z.
2. Circle the letters of any statements that are true of discrete distributions:
a. The purpose of a probability function is to give the probability for each value of X.
b. P(X=k)>0 for all k.
c. If X is a discrete random variable, it must have a finite number of values.
d. Every outcome has equal probability.
e. A probability function defines the area under the curve that represents probability.
3. Circle B if the statement applies to the binomial distribution, P if it applies to Poisson.
(you may circle one, both, or neither).
B P There is a fixed number of trials involved.
B P The possible values of this random variable are infinite.
B P This is a discrete distribution.
B P We record the number of successes or occurrences in a unit of time or space.
B P Zero is a possible value of the random variable.
B P The mean is equal to the variance.
B P The mean, median, and mode are always the same.
B P There are independent trials with a constant probability of success.
4. Circle C if the statement is true for all continuous distributions, U if it is true for
Uniform distributions, and N if it is true for all Normal distributions (If C is marked,
there is no need to mark U and N, you may have U and/or N without C, or none).
C U N Half of the probability will always be below the median.
C U N Within an interval that has positive probability, any sub-intervals that are the
same width have the same probability.
C U N P(X=1)=0
C U N The distribution is symmetric about the mean.
C U N The pdf is a “bell-shaped curve.”
C U N The probability of a measurement must be based on an interval that accounts
for the precision of the measurement.
C U N The mean, median, and mode are all the same.
C U N If a<p<q<b, P(p<X<q)=(q-p)/(b-a)
C U N The area under the pdf for any interval is always less than or equal to one.
C U N There are infinitely many values of the random variable.
C U N P(X<-1) always equals P(X>1).
C U N The probabilities get smaller as you go further away from the mean.
5. The purpose of the pdf (probability density function) is
a. To define an upper boundary for the area that represents probability
b. To give the probability for any real number value of X
c. To give the accumulated probability up to the point x.
d. To directly calculate the probability for any interval
6. The purpose of the discrete probability function is
a. To define an upper boundary for the area that represents probability
b. To give the probability for any real number value of X
c. To give the accumulated probability up to the point x.
d. To directly calculate the probability for any interval
7. The following table shows the values for a random variable, X, and the values of its
probability function. Complete the table.
x
0
2
3
5
P( x)
.1
.2
.3
.4
μ
μ2
Sum
Variance
Standard
Deviation
8. The pdf of a continuous random variable is given below. Find its cdf.
1
 4 if 0  x  2

1
f ( x)   if 2  x  3
2

0 otherwise

9. Sally has some unusual ideas about color coordination. She has a pair of yellow pants
that she will wear with probability 1/3, otherwise she will wear a red pair. She has
three shirts to choose from: yellow, red, and blue. She will not wear the same color
shirt as pants, and she is twice as likely to choose blue as the other available color of
shirt. Make a tree diagram to illustrate the sample space and calculate the probability
she will wear each color of shirt.
10. Suppose P(A)=P(B)=P(C)=.4, P(AUB)=.6, P(AUC)=.8, and P(B∩C)=.16.
a) What is P(A∩B)?
b) What is P(A∩C)?
c) What is P(A|B)?
d) What is P(B|C)?
e) Are A and B mutually exclusive?
f) Are A and C mutually exclusive?
g) Are A and B independent?
h) Are A and C independent?
i) Are B and C independent?
11. Suppose X is a binomial random variable with n=10 and p=.3. Calculate the
probability that X=0, 1, 2, and more than two. Also give the mean and variance.
12. Suppose Y is a Poisson random variable with μ=5. Calculate the probability that
Y=0, 1, 2, and more than two.
13. Suppose X is a Uniform continuous random variable with positive probability on
[50,100]. Find P(80<X<95).
14. Find the following probabilities from a standard normal distribution.
a) P(Z>2.08)
b) P(Z<1.05)
c) P(-2.06<Z<1.06)
d) P(0<Z<3)
15. Find the following probabilities from a normal distribution with μ=100 and σ=5.
a) P(X>112.5)
b) P(X<87.4)
c) P(97.1<X<105.4)
d) P(X<112.5)
16. Find a z-score associated with each probability.
a) P(0<Z<z)=.4382
b) P(Z<z)=.0011
c) P(-z<Z<z)=.4108
d) z(.0055)=