Download 6th Grade Final Exam Review - Immaculata Catholic School

6th Grade Final Exam Review
What did the following people do and when?
Alan Shepard – 1st American in space
Buzz Aldrin – 2nd man on the moon
John Glen – 1st American to orbit the earth
Neil Armstrong 1st man on the moon
Yuri Gagarin 1st human in space and to orbit earth
Compare and contrast the inner and outer planets.
Inner – small, rocky, spaced close together, few or no moons, no rings
Outer - large, gaseous, spaces far apart, many moons and rings
Draw a solar and lunar eclipse
Solar: Sun Moon Earth
Can’t see the sun, the moon is in the way
Lunar: Sun Earth Moon
Can’t see the Moon, the shadow from the
Earth falls on the moon and blocks it
Draw the sun and earth during summer and winter in the Northern hemisphere.
What was sputnik? 1st artificial satellite
What is the order of the phases of the moon (draw and label if necessary).
New, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter,
Waning crescent, new.
Explain the difference between rotation and revolution.
Rotation – to spin on an axis (causes day and night)
Revolution – to orbit around something else (gives us a year)
What causes the phases of the moon?
Half of the moon is always lit by the sun. However, at different times we see different
amounts of the lit up half of the moon. That depends on the location of the moon, sun,
and earth as the moon revolves around the earth.
What causes the seasons? Where is the northern hemisphere in each season?
The tilt of the earth’s axis. Tilted towards the sun gets the most direct rays so it is
summer, tilted away gets the least direct rays so winter.
What do concave and convex lenses and mirrors look like? (draw and label)
Define:
Wave – regular movement that transfers energy
Amplitude – distance from top of a wave to the resting point (half of the wave height)
Hertz – used to measure frequency of waves (# of waves that go by in a second)
Medium – something a wave travels through (solid, liquid, gas, space)
Pitch – the ‘highness’ or ‘lowness’ of a sound, caused by the frequency. Low frequency
is a low pitch.
Frequency -# of waves that go by in a second
Reflection – waves bouncing off an object back towards the source (echo)
Refraction – waves bouncing off an object and going a different angle
Diffraction – waves bending around an object (why you can hear sounds from the
hallways inside a classroom even though you can’t see what is causing the noise)
Vibration – causes sound waves
Decibel – used to measure intensity of a sound (volume or energy)
Draw and label a wave
Longitudinal wave:
As frequency increases, wavelength __decreases__ because… as the wavelength gets
smaller the waves are closer together and more can go by in a second.
As frequency increases and wavelength __decreases___, pitch __increases_
As amplitude increases, volume __increases____
Why do bigger instruments have lower sounds?
Bigger instruments have longer wavelengths and so lower frequencies and lower pitch
Define:
Density – mass/volume How much something weighs compared to the amount of space
it takes up.
Solid – densest state of matter, molecules closest together, least amount of energy, has a
melting point. Does not take the shape of a container.
Liquid – molecules farther apart and loosely held together. Set volume but not set shape.
Has a freezing and boiling point.
Gas – most amount of energy, least dense, no set shape or volume, fills entire container,
has a condensing point, molecules are individual, not held together.
Molecule – made of 2 or more atoms joined by a bond (can be same element or different
elements.
Matter anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom: smallest particle that makes up matter
Compound – pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a set
ratio. All compounds are molecules. Molecules of the same element (2 oxygen atoms
together) are not compounds.
Mixture (homogeneous and heterogeneous) – two or more substances mixed together but
not chemically combined (salt and pepper together). Homogeneous – looks the same
throughout. Heterogeneous – looks different throughout
Solution – well mixed mixture that is homogeneous
Proton – positive part of an atom, found in the nucleus, # protons the same as the atomic
number.
Electron – negative part of an atom, found in clouds outside the nucleus, if # of electrons
not the same as the # of protons, then the atom has a charge
Neutron neutral part of the atom, found in the nucleus, protons and neutrons together
make up the atomic mass.
Element a pure substance made of all the same atoms that cannot be broken down into
other substances by physical or chemical means
Know information from most recent test: Physical science ch 3 states of matter, changes
of state, and gas laws/behavior. Also study your wave review sheet.
Light: know the difference between converging and diverging, and which lenses and
mirrors are which. Also know the difference between real and virtual images and which
lenses and mirrors produce which.
Next to each type of fault/boundary write the force and direction of movement, and what
earth formations are found there (mountains, trenches…):
Normal/Diverging tension or pulling forces, plates move apart, form rift valleys and midocean ridges
Reverse/Converging pushing or compressing forces, plates come together, form trenches,
volcanoes, and mountains
Transverse/Strike-slip shearing forces, plates move past each other sideways, earthquakes
What are the 4 main layers of the earth and its properties?
1. crust (lithosphere is the crust and top of the mantle that makes up the plates). Thinnest
layer where we live
2. mantle (asthenosphere is the semi-solid flowing part that drives the plate movements
with convection currents). This is where lava/magma comes from.
3. outer core is liquid metal
4. inner core is solid metal (so much pressure squeezes it to be solid)
What is the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere?
Litho: top, thin, solid, plate. Astheno: thicker, flows with convection to move lithosphere
How do convection currents make plates move?