Download Regents Biology Why not use common names?

Classification - TAXONOMY
 System to organize all living creatures
plants
 animals
 microbes
 etc.

A good system will
show evolutionary relationships
Regents Biology
Carolus Linnaeus
 The Linnean system
proposed in 1700s
 binomial nomenclature - each species has a
2 part name

 Genus (genera)
 species – group of similar organisms that can
interbreed AND produce fertile offspring
Ex: female horse and male donkey = mule
mules CANNOT breed => sterile
Therefore horses and donkeys are different species
Homo sapiens
Regents Biology
Can also be written H. sapiens
Latin - binomial nomenclature
 2 part scientific name

Genus — larger group to which
organism belongs
 always capitalized

species — specific name for that
organism
 always lowercase

Written either
italicized OR
underlined
Regents Biology
example: Linnaeus named humans
Homo sapiens
 means “wise man”
— perhaps in a show of hope & optimism
Why not use common names?
 Misleading
Starfish – a fish???
 Dragonfly – a lizard???

 Confusing
blue jay, blue coat,
corn thief – all the
same thing???
 dog, perro, chien

I swim,
but I’m still
a bird!
Regents Biology
Why not use common names?
 But they all
Pisaster ochraceus
have only one
scientific
name!
Pyrrhosoma nymphula
Cyanocitta cristata
Regents Biology
What kind of names do viruses have?
 Example – H1N1
 Is that a scientific name?
 NO Genus – NO species
 WHY????
 Viruses are NOT _________!
Regents Biology
What variety! What similarity!
 Diversity of Life

there are so many different creatures
on Earth

why are there differences (adaptations)?
 Unity of life

all creatures have
similarities
common characteristics
 why are they so alike?

Regents Biology
Tree of Life

organize
creatures by
structure &
function/behavior
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists
 how they are built
 how they live

organize them
into groups of
closely related
(evolutionary)
creatures
Bacteria
Regents Biology
Archaebacteria
How did we get here?
Began with 3 groups – where organisms live
air, land, water – doesn’t work!!!
Next – 2 groups – plants and animals
Plants – usually green; don’t move
Animals – not usually green; move
Invention of microscope – saw cell structures
Invention of electron microscope – saw within
cell structures
had to come up with a new
system – is still changing
Regents Biology
Classification System
3 Domains - 6 Kingdoms
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Regents Biology
Bacteria
&
Archaebacteria
3 Domain/6 Kingdom system
1. Archaebacteria – ALL Prokaryotes
Prokaryote
 Kingdom Archae
 Unicellular, cell wall
 Auto AND hetertrophic
 Live in harsh conditions – example high temp, high salt,
low oxygen, extreme pH
 Oldest life forms in the fossil record
2. Eubacteria - ALL Prokaryotes
 Kingdom Bacteria
 Unicellular, cell wall
 Auto AND heterotrophic
 Some harmful – cause disease – ex. Strep throat, E. coli
 Some helpful/beneficial – make vitamin K (in large int),
yogurt
Regents Biology
3 Domain - 6 Kingdom system
3. Eukaryota - separate organelles in their cells
 Protists
 Mostly unicellular; No cell wall
 Auto AND heterotrophic
 Are mobile (can move from place to place)
 Ex: ameba, paramecium, algae, euglena
 Fungi
 Mostly multicellular; cell wall (chitin)
Eukaryote
 Heterotrophic – decomposers
 Sessile – remain in on place
 Ex: yeast, mushrooms, mold
Regents Biology
3 Domain - 6 Kingdom system
3. Eukaryota - separate organelles in their cells
 Plants
 Multicellular; cell wall (cellulose)
 Autotrophic - Photosynthesis
 Sessile; has complex levels of organization
 Ex: moss, ferns, flowers, trees
 Animals
 Multicellular; has complex levels of
organization
 Heterotrophic
 Mobile at some stage in life cycle
 Very diverse group – ex: sponges, insects,
Regents Biology worms, birds, fish, humans
Eukaryote
Classification
Taxon(taxa) = group
 Domain
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 species
Regents Biology
Number of
organisms
in each
taxon
decreases
TRAITS
go from
general
to
specific