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Chapter7 Outline
I.
II.
Chemical Reactions in the Body
A.
Building Reactions
B.
Breakdown Reactions
C.
Transfer of Energy in Reactions
D.
The Site of Reactions - Cells
E.
Helpers in Reactions
1.
Enzymes
2.
Coenzymes
Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
A.
B.
C.
Glucose
1.
Glucose-to-pyruvate and back
2.
Glucose-to-pyruvate, anaerobic pathway
3.
Pyruvate-to-acetyl CoA
4.
Glucose retrieval via Cori cycle
5.
Muscle's need for oxygen
6.
Pyruvate-to-acetyl CoA, irreversible
7.
Acetyl CoA-to-carbon dioxide
8.
Acetyl CoA-to-fat
Glycerol and Fatty Acids
1.
Glycerol-to-pyruvate
2.
Fatty acids-to-acetyl CoA
3.
Glucose not retrievable from fatty acids
Amino Acids
1.
Amino acid catabolism
2.
Glucose retrievable from amino acids
3.
Amino acids-to-fat
4.
Deamination
5.
Transamination
6.
Ammonia-to-urea in liver
D.
III.
Urea excreted via kidneys
8.
Water for urea excretion
The Final Stages of Catabolism
1.
The TCA cycle
2.
The electron transport chain
3.
kCalories/g secret revealed
The Body's Energy Budget
A.
IV.
7.
Economics of Feasting
1.
Surplus protein
2.
Surplus carbohydrate
3.
Surplus fat
B.
Transition from Feasting to Fasting
C.
Economics of Fasting
1.
Glucose for the brain
2.
Protein to meet glucose needs
3.
Fat's small glucose contribution from glycerol
4.
Ketosis shift
5.
Appetite suppression
6.
Metabolic slowdown
7.
Starvation symptoms
Highlight: Alcohol and Nutrition
A.
Alcohol in Beverages
B.
Alcohol in the Body
C.
Alcohol Arrives in the Liver
D.
Alcohol Disrupts the Liver
E.
Alcohol and the Brain
F.
Alcohol and Malnutrition
G.
Short Term Effects
H.
Long Term Effects
I.
Personal Strategies