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《组织学与胚胎学》习题与答案一
双项选择题 1
1. Principles for classification of the covering epithelium are
A.the number of cell layer
B.the cell shape of superficial layer
C.the cell size of superficial layer
D.the distribution of the epithelium
E.the relationship with the connective tissue
2.Characteristics of endothelium are
A.simple squamous epithelium
B.no basement membrane
C.lining of blood vessels
D.lining of pericardial cavity
E.lining of thyroid follicles
3.Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium is distributed in the
A.esophagus
B.urinary bladder
C.intestine
D.epidermis
E.cornea
4.Specializations at free surfaces of epithelium are
A.hemidesmosome
B.desmosome
C.microvillus
D.terminal web
E.cilium
5.Which of the following are NOT true of exocrine glands?
A.Possess ducts
B.Are ductless
C.Goblet cells are unicellular exocrine gland
D.Pour secretions into blood or lymph
E.Carry secretions to an epithelial surface or a cavity
6.Specializations at lateral surfaces of epithelium are
A.tight junction
B.hemidesmosome
C.basement membrane
D.desmosome
E.cilium
7.Which of the following structures connect to the terminal web?
A.Tight junction
B.Microvillus
C.Gap junction
D.Desmosome
E.Intermediate junction
8.Basement membrane consists of the
A.attachment plaque
B.basal lamina
C.intermediate line
D.reticular lamina
E.connexon
9.Goblet cells can be found in the mucosa of the
A.esophagus
B.stomach
C.small intestine
D.trachea
E.urinary bladder
10.The function of gap junctions includes to
A.enhance connection between cells
B.maintain cell shape
C.conduct contraction between cells
D.transfer information between cells
E.prevent macromolecules from invasion
11.Which of the following have periodic cross-bandings at an interval of 64nm?
A.Collagenous fibrils
B.Elastic fibers
C.Reticular fibers
D.Myofibrils
E.Myofilaments
12.Collagenous fibers are
A.made up of smaller units called fibrils
B.made up of smaller units called microfibrils
C.white in the fresh, unstained condition
D.oriented in a single direction in loose connective tissue
E.positive in PAS staining
13.Cells containing abundant RER and well-developed Golgi complex are
A.fibrocytes
B.fibroblasts
C.mast cells
D.plasma cells
E.fat cells
14.Which of the following cells take part in immune reaction?
A.Undifferentiated cells
B.Fibroblast
C.Macrophage
D.Endocrine cell
E.Plasma cell
15.Cells with basophilic cytoplasm are
A.macrophages
B.fibroblasts
C.plasma cells
D.fibrocytes
E.fat cells
16.The organs consisting of reticular tissue frame are
A.lymph nodes
B.bone marrow
C.kidneys
D.stomach
E.lungs
17.Reticular tissue is composed of
A.reticular cells
B.undifferentiated cells
C.collagenous fibers
D.elastic fibers
E.reticular fibers
18.Reticular fibers are
A.seen in routine H & E staining
B.long and wide
C.argyrophilic
D.main fiber in loose connective tissue
E.found in reticular lamina of basement membrane
19.The granules of mast cells are
A.not membrane-bounded
B.coarse, acidophilic
C.metachromatic
D.never seen in any preparations of light microscopy
E.water soluble
20.Fat cells
A.are most frequently cells in loose connective tissue
B.are mainly distributed in adipose tissue
C.synthesize and store lipid
D.have a centrally located and round nucleus
E.none of the above
21.Which of the following are true of cartilage?
A.Consists of cells, fibers and ground substance
B.The cells in cartilage are osteocytes
C.No blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves in cartilage
D.The ground substance is calcified
E.None of the above
22.Hyaline cartilage occurs at the
A.external ear
B.articular surface
C.trachea
D.intervertebral discs
E.symphysis pubis
23.Fibrocartilage occurs at the
A.external ear
B.articular surface
C.ventral ends of the ribs
D.intervertebral discs
E.symphysis pubis
24.Passages of blood vessels in compact bone are
A.Volkmann’s canals
B.central canals
C.bone canaliculi
D.bone lacunae
E.cement lines
25.Osteoprogenitor cells can divide and differentiate into
A.chondrocytes
B.chondroblasts
C.osteoblasts
D.osteoclasts
E.osteocytes
26.In bone resorption, osteoclasts release
A.matrix vesicles
B.ATPase
C.hydroxyapatite crystals
D.several kinds of proteinases
E.organic acids such as lactic acid, citric acid
27.Which components belong to osteoid tissue?
A.Collagenous fibers
B.Osteocytes
C.Osteoclasts
D.Calcified ground substance
E.Organic ground substance
28.Bone tissue may be classified according to its fine structure into two types. The
y are
A.flat bone
B.long bone
C.spongy bone
D.compact bone
E.irregular bone
29.Which of the following statements are NOT related to osteoclasts?
A.Giant cells with one nucleus
B.Cells with basophilic cytoplasm
C.Cells possess the ruffled border
D.Abundant mitochondria, lysosomes and phagocytic vacuoles
E.A member of the mononuclear phagocyte system
30.The bone collar
A.occurs in the late stage of osteogenesis
B.is formed around the middle part of the cartilage model
C.is formed by osteoprogenitor cells in the perichondium
D.is compact bone from beginning
E.contains many osteons
31.The normal values about erythrocytes are
A.(4.2～5.5)×1012/L in man
B.(3.5～6)×1012/L in woman
C.(2～3)×1012/L in newborn infants
D.120～150g/L of hemoglobin in man
E.105～135g/L of hemoglobin in man
32.Repeated hemorrhages in a normal person would most likely produce
A.a decreased reticulocyte count
B.an increased reticulocyte count
C.an unchanged reticulocyte count
D.an decreased hematocrit
E.an increased hematocrit
33.Reticulocytes
A.account for 0.5%～1.5% of total blood erythrocytes
B.contain ribosomal RNA in cytoplasm
C.have no organelles in cytoplasm
D.are decreased in patients with anemia
E.never synthesize hemaglobin
34.Which of the following are NOT true of lymphocytes in blood?
A.Subdivided into small, medium- sized, and large lymphocytes
B.Small lymphocytes are fewest in number
C.Some are long-lived and may live for years
D.They are motile and migrate extensively
E.Nucleus usually has 2 lobes
35.Cells with no phagocytosis are
A.red blood cells
B.neutrophils
C.monocytes
D.eosinophils
E.lymphocytes
36.The cells releasing phagocytins include
A.basophils
B.neutrophils
C.monocytes
D.eosinophils
E.lymphocytes
37.Anemia means decrease of
A.RBCs
B.WBCs
C.platelets
D.Hb
E.plasma
38.In a hypotonic solution, which of the following will occur?
A.RBCs become colorless and form ‘ghosts’
B.RBCs will be crenated in appearance
C.RBCs will undergo hemolysis
D.RBCs become shrunk
E.RBCs remain unchanged
Answers
1. AB 2. AC 3. AE 4. CE 5. BD 6. AD 7. BE 8. BD 9. CD 10. AD 11. AC 12. AC
13. BD 14. CE 15. BC 16. AB 17. AE 18. CE 19. CE 20. BC 21. AC 22. BC 23. D
E 24. AB 25. BC 26. DE 27. AE 28. CD 29. AB 30. BC 31. AD 32. BD 33. AB
34. BE 35. AE 36. BC 37. AD 38. AC
双项选择题 2
1.The features of muscular tissue are
A.Composed of muscle cells and acellular matrix
B.Containing blood vessels
C.Skeletal muscle is innervated
D.Smooth muscle is not innervated
E.All 3 types of muscular tissue controlled by human’s will
2.The components of a triad of skeletal muscle fibers are
A.transverse tubule
B.longitudinal tubule
C.terminal cisternae
D.sarcoplasmic reticulum
E.rough endoplasmic reticulum
3.In H & E staining sections, cross striations can be seen in
A.skeletal muscle fibers
B.cardiac muscle fibers
C.smooth muscle fibers
D.collagen fibers
E.elastic fibers
4.The diad of human cardiac muscle is
A.located at the A-I junction
B.located at the Z line
C.resolvable with the LM
D.two terminal cisternae sandwiching a single T tubule
E.the site where calcium ions are stimulated to be released
5.T tubules of cardiac muscle
A.are more narrow than those of skeletal muscle
B.are lined by a basal lamina
C.conduct impulses for contraction into the cells
D.enter at the A-I junction
E.store calcium ions
6.The sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle
A.consists of smooth-surfaced membrane
B.is specialized RER
C.courses mainly transversely
D.anastomoses frequently
E.is located between two adjacent Z lines
7.Myofibrils of skeletal muscle cells
A.are resolvable with the LM
B.only can be seen under the EM
C.are composed of myofibers
D.contain myofilaments
E.are confined to the periphery of the cells
8.Smooth muscle fibers
A.are spindle in shape
B.are striated but not as distinct as in skeletal muscle
C.have no myofilaments
D.have elongated nucleus beneath the sarcolemma
E.are linked by gap junction
9.The sarcoplasm of smooth muscle fibers does NOT contain
A.intermediate filaments
B.thin filaments
C.thick filaments
D.T tubules
E.triads
10.Which of the following cells are multinucleated?
A.Osteoblasts
B.Octeoclasts
C.Neutrophils
D.Skeletal muscle cells
E.Smooth muscle cells
11.The nervous tissue is made up of
A.nerve cells, or neurons
B.extracellular fibers
C.amorphous ground substance
D.neuroglial cells
E.tissue fluid
12.Nissl bodies under the EM consist of
A.RER
B.SER
C.free ribosomes
D.mitochondria
E.lysosomes
13.Which parts of a neuron do not contain Nissl bodies?
A.Perikarya
B.Dendrites
C.Axon
D.Axon hillock
E.Cell body
14.At synapses
A.the myelin sheath is absent
B.the myelin sheath is still present
C.the intercellular space disappears
D.the presynaptic element is commonly an axon terminal
E.the neurotransmitters usually flow from postsynaptic to presynaptic element
15.Myelination of the nervous system is accomplished by
A.astrocytes
B.oligodendrocytes
C.microglia
D.Schwann cells
E.capsular cells
16.The supporting cells of the spinal ganglia are
A.capsular cells
B.microglia
C.oligodendrocytes
D.neurolemma cells
E.astrocytes
17.Neurons can be recognized in H & E preparation by
A.round cell body
B.large and pale stained nucleus with a prominent nucleolus
C.many thin processes
D.Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm
E.neurofibrils in the cytoplasm
18.Nuclei seen in H & E preparations of nerves belong mainly to
A.nerve cells
B.microglial cells
C.fibroblasts
D.Schwann cells
E.capsular cells
19.Specific receptors for neurotransmitters are commonly located on
A.presynaptic membrane
B.postsynaptic membrane
C.axolemma
D.plasmalemma of dendritic spines
E.nuclear membrane
20.The PNS consists of
A.cerebral cortex
B.ganglia
C.nerves
D.spinal cord
E.cerebellum
21.The fibrous tunic of the eyeball includes
A.cornea
B.retina
C.choroid
D.sclera
E.iris
22.Which of the following contain pigments?
A.Epidermis
B.Retina
C.Cornea
D.Vitreous body
E.Lens
23.Sphincter and dilator of pupil
A.are located in the ciliary body
B.are located in the iris
C.regulate the size of the pupil
D.regulate the thickness of the lens
E.are regulated by somatic motor nerves
24.Functions of the ciliary body are to
A.regulate the size of pupil
B.regulate the thickness of lens
C.synthesize protein to repair lens.
D.synthesize protein to form ciliary zonules
E.receive lights
25.Origin of the aqueous humor includes
A.secretion of iris epithelium
B.secretion of ciliary epithelium
C.diffusion from capillaries of iris
D.diffusion from capillaries of retina
E.diffusion from capillaries of ciliary body
26.Functions of the pigment epithelial cells of the retina do NOT include to
A.absorb too much light
B.receive stimulation of weak light
C.phagocytize shed membranous discs
D.store vitamin A
E.Store vitamin C
27.Membranous discs of the outer segment of the visual cells
A.are derived from Golgi complex
B.are derived from mitochondria
C.are derived from SER
D.are derived from cell membrane
E.contain visual pigments
28.The macula is a sensory epithelial membrane located in the
A.ampullae
B.saccule
C.utricle
D.cochlear duct
E.tympanic cavity
29.The hair cells of the spiral organ
A.are divided into inner and outer hair cells
B.are directly supported by pillar cells
C.have a kinocilium and many stereocilia
D.only have stereocilia
E.only have kinocilia
30.Which of the following contain the perilymph?
A.Membranous semicircular canals
B.Coclear ducts
C.Scala vestibuli
D.Scala tympani
E.Tympanic cavity
31.The dermis of skin include
A.basal layer
B.papillary layer
C.spinous layer
D.reticular layer
E.granular layer
32.The skin color is dependent on the
A.presence of keratohyalin granules
B.presence of lamellated granules
C.presence and distribution of melanin granules
D.extent of vascularity in the epidermis
E.distribution of capillaries in the dermis
33.Keratin is hard proteins composed of
A.tonofilaments
B.actin filaments
C.keratohyalin granules
D.lamellated granules
E.polyribosomes
34.The layers with acidophilic staining in epidermis are
A.basal layer
B.clear layer
C.cornified layer
D. granular layer
E. spinous layer
35.Cells of the stratum basale of the skin
A.synthesize melanin
B.cantain tonofilaments
C.contain ribosomes
D.contain lamellated granules but not keratohyalin granules
E.never undergo mitosis
36.The distinctive features of the thick skin are that
A.it lacks sebaceous glands
B.it lacks sweat glands
C.it lacks hair
D.it lacks stratum corneum
E.the dermis is thick
37.The exocrine portion of the pancreas includes
A.acini
B.ducts
C.islets of Langerhans
D.A-cells
E.B-cells
38.The pancreatic acini
A.are serous
B.are mucous
C.are mixed
D.contain centroacinar cells in the lumen
E.produce insulin
39.Which are NOT the features of the pancreatic islets?
A.They are small clusters of endocrine cells
B.The cells stain pale on H & E sections
C.Four types of cells can be found when observed on H & E sections
D.They are surrounded by dense connective tissue
E.There are many fenestrated capillaries in the islets
40.Which of the following hormones have opposite functions?
A.Somatostatin
B.sulin
C.Glucagon
D.FSH
E.TSH
41.Failure of the B cells of the pancreas to produce hormones results in
A.diabetes mellitus
B.diabetes insipidis
C.lowered blood glucose level
D.elevated blood glucose level
E.unchanged blood glucose level
42.Which of the following are NOT characteristics of the hepatocytes?
A.Polygonal cells
B.The cell has 1-2 spherical nuclei with prominent nucleoli
C.The cell only has 3 surfaces
D.The cell has acidophilic cytoplasm containing basophilic granules
E.There are some junctions between the hepatocyte and the endothelial cell
43.The liver receives the blood supply from the
A.hepatic artery
B.hepatic vein
C.central vein
D.inferior vena cava
E.portal vein
44.The bile is
A.produced by epithelium of gallbladder
B.secreted by hepatocytes
C.produced by bile canaliculus
D.drained by bile canaliculi to interlobular bile duct
E.drained by bile canaliculi to central vein
45.The portal area of the liver contains the
A.bile canaliculus
B.interlobular artery
C.sublobular vein
D.interlobular vein
E.sinusoids
46.Which of the following are features of the fat-storing cells?
A.Located in the bile canaliculi
B.Easily found in the H&E section
C.The number may be increased if an animal gets lot of Vitamin A
D.The function is to store vitamin B
E.They can produce fibers in the perisinusoidal space
Answers
1. BC 2. AC 3. AB 4. BE 5. BC 6. AD 7. AD 8. AE 9. DE 10. BD 11. AD 12. AC
13. CD 14. AD 15. BD 16. AD 17. BD 18. CD 19. BD 20. BC 21. AD 22. AB
23. BC 24. BD 25. BE 26. BE 27. DE 28. BC 29. AD 30. CD 31. BD 32. CE 33. A
C 34. BC 35. BC 36. AC 37. AB 38. AD 39. CD 40. BC 41. AD 42. CE 43. AE
44. BD 45. BD 46. CE
双项选择题 3
1.The muscular arteries include the
A.large artery
B.medium-sized artery
C.small artery and arteriole
D.elastic artery
E.conducting artery
2.The capillaries are composed of the
A.endothelial cells
B.basal lamina
C.reticular lamina
D.smooth mnuscle cells
E.elastic membrane
3.The continuous capillaries do NOT exist in the
A.glomerulus of the kidney
B.lung
C.muscular tissue
D.nervous tissue
E.liver lobules
4.The fenestrated capillaries are present in the
A.glomerulus of the kidney
B.mucosa of the small intestine
C.spleen
D.pituitary gland
E.liver
5.The most distinct features of the medium-sized artery are
A.obvious internal elastic membrane
B.thicker tunica intima
C.thick tunica media composed of 10-40 layers of smooth muscle fibers
D.many fibroblasts in the tunica intima
E.the tunica adventitia is thicker than the tunica media
6.All of following descriptions are true of the large artery EXCEPT
A.it belongs to the elastic artery
B.it includes the aorta, the pulmonary trunk and their branches
C.there are a large number of fibroblasts in the tunica media
D.it contains many layers of elastic membranes in the tunica media
E.it is also called the distributing artery
7.Which of the following are NOT histological features of the heart?
A.The wall consists of 3 layers: endocardium, myocardium and epicardium
B.The endocardium consists of endothelium, subendothelium and internal elastic membr
ane
C.some myocardial fibers contain small endocrine granules
D.these granules contain atrial natriuretic factor
E.The conducting system is made up of specialized neurons
8.All of the following are features of Purkinje cells EXCEPT
A.they are broader and shorter than ordinary cardiac muscle fibers
B.they are rich in sarcoplasm but only a small number of myofibrils
C.large amounts of glycogen are found in the cytoplasm
D.they conduct impulses much slowly
E.they stain dark in the H&E preparation
9.Characteristics of the endocardium are that
A.its endothelium is continuous with that of blood vessels entering and leaving the hea
rt
B.its subendothelial layer contains fat cells
C.it contains Purkinje fibers
D.it contains no blood vessels
E.it is continuous with the endomysium of the heart
10.Valves are
A.found in the interior of both arteries and veins
B.formed by folding of the tunica intima
C.formed by folding of endothelium
D.composed of smooth muscle fibers in their core
E.especially numerous in veins of the limbs
11.Which of the following are the central lymphoid organs?
A.Bone marrow
B.Thymus
C.spleen
D.lymph nodes
E.tonsils
12.The spleen and lymph node both contain
A.lymphoid nodules
B.lymphatic sheath
C.cords of lymphoid tissue
D.blood sinusoids
E.lymphatic sinuses
13.All of the following are features of splenic sinusoids EXCEPT
A.they contain lymph
B.their wall is composed of rod-shaped endothelial cells
C.endothelial cells have no pores
D.they are sinusoidal capillaries
E.most capillaries directly open to them
14.Cellular components of the blood migrate from the red pulp to splenic sinusoids via
A.endothelial fenestrations
B.intercellular clefts between rod-formed endothelial cells
C.discontinuous basal lamina
D.penicillar arterioles
E.central arteries
15.Postcapillary venules of the lymph node
A.are fenestrated capillaries
B.are like a common venules
C.have cuboidal endothelial cells
D.have a muscular coat
E.are key structures of recirculation of lymphocytes
16.Afferent lymphatic vessels
A.enter lymph nodes at the hilus
B.are fenestrated
C.bring lymph to the lymph nodes
D.open into the subcapsular sinuses
E.have no valves
17.The thymus contains in its parenchyma
A.loose connective tissue
B.epithelial reticular cells
C.connective tissue septa carrying blood vessels
D.lymphocytes
E.fibrocytes
18.Which of the following are NOT true of thymectomy at birth?
A.the reduction of T lymphocytes
B.the reduction of B lymphocytes
C.humor immunity is not affected
D.impaired cellular immunity
E.foreign grafts are easily rejected
19.The main sites through which the spleen filter the blood are
A.periarterial lymphatic sheath
B.splenic cords
C.splenic sinusoids
D.marginal zones
E.splenic corpuscles
20.Compared with lymph in the afferent lymphatic vessels, the lymph in the efferent o
nes contains more
A.lymphocytes
B.neutrophils
C.antigens
D.antibodies
E.macrophages
21.The high endothelial postcapillary venules are NOT seen in the
A.lymph nodes
B.spleen
C.thymus
D.tonsil
E.bone marrow
22.The marginal zone of the spleen
A.is located beneath the capsule
B.is a part of the red pulp
C.contains T cells and B cells
D.contains more macrophages
E.is rich in marginal sinuses containing lymph
23.The organs secreting steroid hormones are
A.adrenal cortex
B.adrenal medulla
C.thyroid and parathyroids
D.testes and ovaries
E.pituitary and pineal glands
24.Which type of cells can be found in the epithelium of thyroid follicles?
A.Follicular epithelial cells
B.Parafollicular cells
C.Thyrotrophs
D.Gonadotrophs
E.Corticotrophs
25.The parafollicular cells are usually found in the
A.colloid of the thyroid
B.thyroid follicular epithelium
C.widely in the body
D.interfollicular space of the thyroid
E.parathyroid glands
26.The calcitonin secreted by parafollicular cells
A.lowers level of blood calcium
B.gives rise to the level of blood calcium
C.inhibits the function of osteoclasts
D.inhibits the function of osteoblasts
E.increases absorption of calcium in the renal tubules
27.The parathyroid parenchyma is composed of
A.neutrophilic cells
B.oxyphil cells
C.basophil cells
D.oxyntic cells
E.chief cells
28.The parenchyma of the adrenal gland is divided into the
A.capsule
B.cortex
C.hilus
D.medulla
E.septa
29.Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete
A.epinephrine
B.norepinephrine
C.aldosterone
D.cortisol
E.corticosterone
30.The zona fasciculata
A.is essential for life
B.mainly produces androgens
C.is derived from ectoderm
D.makes up the largest part of the adrenal cortex
E.contains the smallest, basophilic cells
31.The acidophils of the hypophysis release
A.growth hormone
B.FSH
C.LH
D.ACTH
E.prolactin
32.The basophils of the pituitary gland can produce and release
A.growth hormone
B.gonadotropin
C.thyroid stimulating hormone
D.thyroid stimulating hormone-releasing hormone
E.Prolactin
33.Which hormones can be found in the Herring bodies?
A.somatotropin
B.prolactin
C.growth hormone
D.oxytocin
E.vasopressin
34.Functions attributed to the pars nervosa include
A.synthesis of oxytocin
B.storage and release of oxytocin
C.synthesis of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D.storage and release of ADH
E.synthesis of vasopressin
35.The main epithelium of lining of the digestive tract include
A.simple columnar
B.simple squamous
C.pseudostratified ciliated columnar
D.stratified squamous
E.transitional
36.Which of the following contain glands in the submucosa?
A.Esophagus
B.Stomach
C.Duodenum
D.Jejunum
E.Ileum
37.Which of the following are main elements of the gastric gland?
A.Oxyntic cells
B.Absorptive cells
C.Goblet cells
D.Chief cells
E.Paneth cells
38.The parietal cells of the gastric gland secrete
A.HCl
B.intrinsic factor
C.pepsinogen
D.pepsin
E.vitamin B12
39.The effects of gastric acid (HCl) do NOT include to
A.activate pepsinogen to form pepsin
B.provide optimal pH for pepsin activity
C.digest protein food
D.kill bacteria
E.prevent vitamin B12 from broken down
40.Which of the following are mainly responsible for self-protection of the gastric muco
sa?
A.Mucus secreted by surface cells
B.pepsinogen
C.High content of HCO3D.HCl
E.pepsin
41.The intestinal absorptive cells
A.are round cells
B.have the striated border of microvilli
C.have tight junctions between adjacent cells
D.have nucleus situated at the apical part of cells
E.contain extensive secretory canaliculi
42.Which of the following are true of the lacteal?
A.Usually one or two lacteals per villi
B.Sinusoids in nature
C.Primary function is absorption of lipid
D.Primary function is absorption of proteins
E.Most frequent in the colon
43.All of the following epithelial tissues contain goblet cells EXCEPT
A.lining of the stomach
B.lining of the respiratory tract
C.lining of the colon
D.lining of the small intestine
E.lining of the esophagus
44.The intestinal villi are composed of the
A.epithelium
B.lamina propria
C.muscularis mucosae
D.submucosa
E.muscularis externa
Answers
1. BC 2. AB 3. AE 4. AB 5. AC 6. CE 7. BE 8. DE 9. AC 10. BE 11. AB 12. AC
13. AE 14. BC 15. CE 16. CD 17. BD 18. CE 19. BD 20. AD 21. BE 22. CD
23. AD 24. AB 25. BD 26. AC 27. BE 28. BD 29. AB 30. AD 31. AE 32. BC
33. DE 34. BD 35. AD 36. AC 37. AD 38. AB 39. CE 40. AC 41. BC 42. AC
43. AE 44. AB
双项选择题 4
1.The type I alveolar cells
A.are squamous
B.have pores
C.are the source of the type II alveolar cells
D.are the source of surfactant
E.line most of the surface area of an alveolus
2.The type II alveolar cell
A.is squamous cell with sparse organelles
B.displays cytoplasmic lamellar bodies
C.connects to adjacent cells by junctional complex
D.is the source of alveolar macrophages
E.takes part in gaseous exchange
3.An interalveolar wall
A.has a basic support of reticular fibers
B.has an extensive capillaries which are fenestrated
C.completely separates adjacent alveoli
D.may have pores
E.has dust-laden cells
4.Epithelium of the terminal bronchiole consists of
A.flattened cells with no cilia
B.columnar ciliated cells
C.goblet cells
D.brush cells
E.Clara cells
5.Asthma is caused by contraction of the smooth muscle in which of the following
segments of the bronchial tree?
A.The trachea
B.The primary bronchi
C.The bronchiole
D.The terminal bronchiole
E.The respiratory bronchiole
6.Which of the following changes in the wall of the trachea and bronchi will result from
severe smoking or repeated infections?
A.Increased ciliated cells with an enhanced movement of cilia
B.Increased goblet cells with an enhanced secretion
C.Cartilage masses become more and larger
D.Glands proliferate and hypertrophy
E.Circular smooth muscle contract insensely
7.Which of the following have the function of both conduction and exchange of gases?
A.Bronchioles
B.Terminal bronchioles
C.Respiratory bronchioles
D.Alveolar ducts
E.Alveoli
8.The features of the terminal bronchioles include all of the following EXCEPT
A.Simple columnar ciliated epithelium
B.Also contain secretory cells in epithelium
C.Have small amount of glands
D.Have completely circular smooth muscle
E.Their walls are interrupted by few alveoli
9.Which of the following are true of the pulmonary lobule?
A.Formed of a bronchiole and its branches
B.Formed of a primary bronchus and its branches
C.Pyramid-shaped with its base directed toward the pulmonary hilum
D.Delineated by a thin dense connective tissue
E.The connective tissue septa in adults are frequently incomplete
10.Nasal cavity connects the respiratory system to the exterior. Its lining epithelium m
ay be
A.nonkeratinized stratified squamous
B.keratinized stratified squamous
C.pseudostratified columnar ciliated
D.transitional
E.simple columnar
11.In normal condition, which of the following do NOT cross through filtration membra
ne?
A.Red blood cells
B.Macromolecular proteins (>70 kDa)
C.Vitamins
D.Glucose
E.Amino acids
12.Which of the following are true of the distal tubules?
A.Have a well-developed brush border
B.Have a well-developed basal membrane infoldings
C.Cell borders are very distinct
D.Macula densa is present in this part of the nephron
E.Renin secreting cells are found in this part
13.The uriniferous tubule
A.consists of a glomerulus and a renal tubule
B.is made up of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
C.is composed of a nephron and a collecting tubule system
D.is located in the kidney cortex
E.can be considered the functional unit of the kidney
14.Which of the following are NOT correct concerning the glomerulus?
A.Connect to the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle
B.Composed of capillary loops
C.The capillaries are fenestrated
D.Contain extraglomerular mesangial cells
E.With a thick basement membrane
15.The features of the Bowman’s capsule are
A.double layer sac with a glomerulus present in the space between two layers
B.inner layer being podocytes with complex processes
C.outer layer being squamous cells enveloping capillaries of the glomerulus
D.inner and outer layers meeting at the urinary pole
E.taking part in formation of the filtrate
16.The basement membrane of the glomerulus
A.is very thin with pores
B.contains positively charged glycosaminoglycans
C.is divided into two layers in EM
D.is derived from both endothelial cells and podocytes
E.is a barrier for negatively charged substances
17.The distal tubule secretes which of the following into tubular urine?
A.Glucose
B.Hydrogen ions
C.Ammonium ions
D.Amino acids
E.Proteins
18.Glucose and amino acids
A.never enter the lumen of Bowman capsule
B.are filtrated into the urinary space
C.are absorbed by the distal tubule
D.are absorbed by the proximal tubule
E.are absorbed by collecting tubule
19.Which of the following are NOT components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
A.Juxtaglomerular cells
B.Macula densa
C.Intraglomerular mesangial cells
D.Extraglomerular mesangial cells
E.glomerular endothelial cells
20.The superficial cells of the epithelium of the bladder
A.are always flattened
B.are frequently binucleate
C.have basophilic cytoplasm
D.never change their shape
E.are responsible for the osmotic barrier between urine and tissue fluids
21.Spermatogenic epithelium consists of
A.spermatogenic cells
B.Leydig cells
C.Sertoli cells
D.myoid cells
E.interstitial cells
22.The cells with 22+x or 22+y chromosomes and 1n amount of DNA are
A.spermatogonia
B.primary spermatocytes
C.secondary spermatocytes
D.spermatids
E.spermatozoa
23.The cells in the seminiferous tubule before puberty are
A.spermatozoa
B.Sertoli cells
C.spermatids
D.spermatocytes
E.spermatogonia
24.Cells possessing the ultrastructural features of steroid secreting cells are
A.spermatozoa
B.Sertoli cells
C.Leydig cells
D.spermatocytes
E.zona fasciculata cells of the adrenal gland
25.Between adjacent Sertoli cells, there is a
A.space where the spermatogenic cells are located
B.space where the Leydig cells are located
C.gap junction to form the blood-testis barrier
D.tight junction to form the blood-testis barrier
E.desmosome to form the blood-testis barrier
26.Which of the following are NOT true of spermatozoa?
A.Divided into 3 parts: the head, neck and tail
B.The head contains flattened, condensed nucleus
C.The neck contains a centriole
D.The core of the tail is called axoneme
E.The principal segment is wrapped by sheath of mitochondria
27.The structures related to movement of the sperm are
A.nucleus
B.acrosome
C.axoneme
D.fibrous sheath
E.sheath of mitochondria
28.Leydig cells
A.are located in the seminiferous tubules
B.are present in the interstitium of the testis
C.have basophilic cytoplasm
D.secrete ABP
E.secrete testosterone
29.Sertoli cells can be recognized in H & E sections by
A.their pyramidal shape
B.ovoid or irregular, pale stained nucleus
C.prominent nucleolus
D.rich SER
E.abundant mitochondria
30.Functions of Sertoli cells do NOT include
A.production of inhibin, which inhibits LH secretion
B.secretion of fluid to help sperm transportation
C.release of androgens to support spermatogenesis
D.release of androgen binding protein
E.mechanical support and protection for germ cells
31.All of the following are features of the prostate EXCEPT
A.it is a compound gland around the penile urethra
B.alveoli are lined with transitional epithelium
C.secretion is rich in acid phosphatase
D.prostatic concretions may be found in alveoli
E.benign hypertrophy may lead to obstruction of the urethra
32. Primordial follicle is composed of the
A. primary oocyte
B. squamous follicular cells.
C. secondary oocyte
D. cuboidal follicular cells
E. columner follicular cells
33. Before ovulation, which of the following hormones in serum reach a peak level?
A. FSH
B. GnRH
C. Estrogen
D. Relaxin
E. LH
34. The corpus luteum is differentiated from the
A. zona pellucida
B. corona radiata
C. granulosa cells
D. theca cells
E. cells in the theca externa
35. Granulosa lutein cells
A. are developed from theca cells
B. are developed from granulosa cells
C. are small and darkly stained
D. secrete progesterone
E. secrete estrogen
36. Necrosis of the endometrium is due to
A. increased hormonal effect of estrogen
B. increased serum level of progesterone
C. decreased level of both estrogen and progesterone in blood
D. vasoconstriction of both the spiral and straight arteries
E. vasoconstriction of the spiral arteries
37. The menstrual cycle includes all of the following phases EXCEPT
A. menstrual phase
B. proliferative phase
C. differential phase
D. secretory phase
E. atretic phase
38. The menstrual phase is the results of
A. LH decrease sharply
B. LH increase sharply
C. degeneration of the corpus luteum
D. regenetation of the corpus luteum
E. E. degenetation of follicles
39. LH facilitates the
A. increase of estrogen secretion
B. atresia of follicles
C. formation of follicular antrum
D. development of the corpus luteum
E. follicle rupture
40. Which of the following about the menstrual cycle are true?
A. It occurs in the sexually-mature female
B. The length is exactly 28 days in humans
C. There are 5 typical phases
D. It is regulated by hypothalamo- hypophysial-ovary axis
E. During menstruation, entire endometrium is shed off
41. Proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle
A. occurs in days 1-4
B. occurs in days 5-14
C. occurs in days 15-28
D. is also called the luteal phase
E. is also called the follicular phase
Answers
1. AE 2. BC 3. DE 4. BE 5. CD 6. BD 7. CD 8. CE 9. AE 10. AC 11. AB 12. BD
13. CE 14. AD 15. BE 16. DE 17. BC 18. BD 19. CE 20. BE 21. AC 22. DE 23. B
E 24. CE 25. AD 26. AE 27. CE 28. BE 29. BC 30. AC 31. AB 32. AB 33. AE
34. CD 35. BD 36. CE 37. CE 38. AC 39. DE 40. AD 41. BE