Download Latin 1 Review Ch 1 – 4 2/5

nomen mihi est _______________________
Latin 1 Review: Chapters 1 & 2
Latin is an ______________ ______________, that is, a language “in which the nouns, pronouns, adjectives,
and verbs have variable endings by which the relationship of the words to each other in a sentence can be
indicated.” (p xxviii)
In both Latin and English, verbs have five characteristics:
1. ___________ – Who is the subject of the sentence? The one who performs (or, in passive voice,
receives) the action, from the POV of the speaker.

____ ____________: I, we (i.e. the one speaking)

____ ____________: you, y’all (i.e. person(s) spoken to)

____ ____________: he, she, it, they (i.e. the person(s) spoken about, not directly to)
2. ___________ – how many subjects?

____________ (one)

____________ (more than one)
3. ___________ – the time of the action

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________
4. ___________ – manner of indicating the action or state of being of the verb

__________________: indicates facts

__________________: commands and orders actions

__________________: describes hypothetical or potential actions
5. ___________ – Does the subject perform the action, or does it receive it? This has to do with
transitive verbs1.
1

___________ ____________: The subject performs the action.

___________ ____________: The subject receives the action.
Transitive verbs can take a direct object (ex: to read. She reads the book. The book is the direct object), while intransitive verbs
cannot. (ex: to go. You can’t go a book. You can’t go a car, or a cup, or a flower. It can’t take a direct object)
nomen mihi est _______________________
Latin verbs are divided up into four groups called ________________, each with a different thematic vowel:

1st: ___ ex: _________________

2nd: ___ ex: _________________

3rd: ___ ex: _________________

4th: ___ ex: _________________
In Latin, the personal endings of the verbs tell us its five characteristics.
Personal Endings of the Active Voice:
Singular
English equiv.
Plural
English equiv.
st
1 person
2nd person
3rd person
Latin verbs have four ______________ ___________. Let’s use as an example the 1st conjugation verb
laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum. The first principal part is the 1st person _____________ _____________
_______________. With this verb, it simply means “___ ________.” The second principal part is the
present active ______________: “___ _________.” In order to conjugate a verb, we take the ________ and
add on the __________ ______________ from the chart above. To find the stem, you just take the
______________ and chop off the _______.
Singular
st
1 person
English equiv.
Plural
English equiv.
Plural
English equiv.
laudo
2nd person
3rd person
We can do the same with the 2nd conjugation verb moneō:
Singular
st
1 person
2nd person
3rd person
moneo
English equiv.
nomen mihi est _______________________
It’s simple to form the present active imperative of the first two conjugations. The singular imperative is
identical to the _____________ ____________, and the plural imperative (used when addressing 2 or more
people) is the __________ + ______.
2nd person singular
Praise!
Advise!
2nd person plural
Praise! (pl)
Advise! (pl)
Because it is inflected, Latin has a looser word order than English. In English, the meaning of the sentence is
tied to the ____________ of the words in the sentence. We must say “Sally sells seashells.” Rearranging the
words into sentences like “Seashells sells Sally” or “Sells seashells Sally” doesn’t make much sense. But
because Latin is inflected and the word ___________ tell us the functions of the words in the sentence,
saying “Sally seashells sells,” in Latin, would make perfect sense.
In fact, Latin word order tends to be __ __ __, while English word order is __ __ __.
(S = Subject, O = Object, V = Verb)
Latin nouns have three characteristics:
1. ______________

_________________

_________________

_________________
2. ______________

_________________

_________________
3. _______________ – (This is a preliminary list of functions):

________________ – Used for the subject of the sentence.

________________ – Used to show possession; the noun doing the possessing is in this case.

________________ – Used for indirect objects, that is, secondary objects of verbs. Usually
translated with “to” or “for.”

________________ – Direct object of verbs; the person or object directly affected by the
verb. Also, used with certain prepositions.

________________ – This is the adverbial case. This case encompasses many usages,
including with certain prepositions, for manner, means, agent, and accompaniment.

________________ – Direct address.
nomen mihi est _______________________
Nouns are divided up into five groups called
First declension endings:
__________________.
Sg.
It is very important to remember that
Nom.
__________________ does NOT equal
Gen.
______________! To decline a noun or adjective,
Dat.
we add endings to the word __________, found by
Acc.
removing the case ending from the ____________
Abl.
____________.
Voc.
Pl.
Ex:
Singular
Nom
English Equiv.
Plural
English Equiv.
vita
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Voc
NB that in Latin there is no word for “_____.”
Practice: English to Latin
1.1 What does he see?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1.2 They are giving nothing.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1.3 You ought not to praise me.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1.4 If I err, he often warns me.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
nomen mihi est _______________________
1.5 If you love me, save me, please!
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.1 The girls save the poet’s life.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.2 Without philosophy we often go astray and pay the penalty.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.3 If your land is strong, nothing terrifies the sailors and you ought to praise your great fortune.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.4 We often see the penalty of anger.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2.5 The ancient gate is large.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Latin 1 Review: Chapter 3
Nouns of the second declension are usually _____________ or ____________.
The masculines (and occasional feminines) of the 2nd declension have these endings:
Sg.
Pl.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
***
***Only in the singular of –us nouns and adjectives does the vocative ever differ from the nominative. The
rules are as follows:
Nom -us → Voc -___ (ex: amicus → _________)
Nom -ius → Voc -___ (ex: filius → __________)
Also, meus → ______
As always, nouns and the adjectives that describe them must agree in _____________, ____________, and
______________.
nomen mihi est _______________________
Practice: English to Latin
3.1 Without a few friends life is not strong.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.2 Today you have much fame in your country.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.3 We see great fortune in your daughters’ lives, my friend.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.4 He always gives my daughters and sons roses.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Latin 1 Review: Chapter 4
____________ nouns of the 2nd declension are declined just like the rest of the 2nd declension, except for
slight differences that follow the following two rules, which hold true for neuter nouns of any declension:
1. _____ form = ____ form
Singular
2. nom & acc pl ending = ____
Nom
In the 2nd declension, neuters end with _____.
Plural
donum
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Voc
Adjectives are grouped according to what ______________ they decline like. For example, 1st and 2nd
declension adjectives decline like 1st and 2nd declension. Take, for example, the word for “big.” The
dictionary entry for this word is “magnus, a, um” which means “magnus, magna, magnum.” The first is for
______________ (and declines like a 2nd decl -us), the second for ______________ (and declines like 1st
decl), and the third for ____________ (and declines like a 2nd decl neuter). We must always remember,
sometimes their endings won’t look alike, nouns and the adjectives that describe them must agree in
___________, ______________, and _____________!
Singular
Plural
nomen mihi est _______________________
1st
The Latin verb for “to be” is sum, and, just like in
2nd
English, it’s _____________. We can see the personal
3rd
sum
endings on the end of the verb, but the stem changes a
little in the conjugation, so we must memorize it.
This verb is a ____________ verb, so we don’t talk about it having an active or passive voice. It connects
the subject of a sentence with the predicate (the ________ and all its dependent words and phrases) and it
acts like an equals sign. So the predicate nouns and adjectives agree with the subject in case and number,
and usually gender. When you have a compound subject of mixed gender (e.g. the boys and girls), a
predicate adjective either agrees with the nearest one in gender (we call this “by ____________”) or, as it
will be for our purposes, the _______________ gender dominates.
The boys and girls are good.
Puerī et puellae sunt ___________.
Oftentimes in Latin, adjectives can be used as “_______________,” that is, in place of a noun. We do this in
English with phrases like “The meek shall inherit the earth” or “fortune favors the brave.” We mean the
meek people and the brave people, but we don’t have to say that, because it is understood.
The man loves the good woman.
Vir _____________ amat.
Practice: English to Latin
4.1 You (sg.) are in great danger.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.2 My son’s opinions are often foolish.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.3 The daughters and sons of great men and women are not always great.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.4 Without wisdom the sailors’ good fortune is nothing and they are paying the penalty.
_______________________________________________________________________________________