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Download Skeletal and Muscular System
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Cartilage = connective tissue that is strong and flexible All newborns are made of cartilage Cartilage hardens and fuses o Occurs 7 months before birth 25 years old Provides cushion and motion at joints (where two bones meet) Provides support and pliability (knee, ankle, and elbow) Living parts of bone o Blood vessels o Nerves o Blood o Bone marrow Nonliving parts o Minerals Periosteum: membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones Has bone forming cells and blood vessels 2. Compact Bone: hard dense bone tissue that lies beneath the outer membrane of a bone Can heal itself if fractured 3. Spongy Bone: layer of bone tissue of many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone Gives strength and absorbs shock 1. Marrow: the soft connective tissue that fills internal spaces in the bone stem cells are made here 4. 2 Types of Marrow 1. Yellow Marrow – fat and blood vessels 2. Red Marrow- creates red blood cells Joints = a place in the body where two bones come together, allow bones to move in different ways Keeps bones far apart so they do not rub against each other Keeps bone in place 1. 2. 3. Fixed Joints = allow no movement Ex: Cranium Pivot Joints = movement of bone around another bone. Rotates Ex: Vertebrae and Cranium, Tibia and Fibula, Radius and Ulna Ball and Socket Joints= circular movement of bones Ex: Shoulder, Femur and pelvis 4. 5. Hinge Joint = movement in a forward and backward direction. 1 way movement Ex: Elbow and Knee Gliding Joint = movement as bones slide over each other Ex: Wrist X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves. X-ray imaging creates pictures of the inside of your body. Calcium in bones absorbs X-rays the most, so bones look white on the radiograph Fat and other soft tissues absorb less, and look gray. Air absorbs the least, so lungs look black. MRI works by making certain atoms (water molecules) in the body emit radio waves by using a powerful magnet Good for looking at the brain and spinal cord as well as soft tissues such as muscles No radiation is used Is it possible to sit absolutely still without moving a muscle? Explain your answer… What are some examples of muscles in the human body? 1. Arms: Biceps, Trapezius, Pectoralis, deltoid, triceps 2. Legs: Quadriceps, Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius 3. Torso: abdominals, latissimus dorsi, intercostales, 1. Involuntary muscle = a muscle that is not under conscious control Ex: heart beating, breathing, digesting food 2. Voluntary muscle = a muscle that is under conscious control Ex: smiling, getting up from your chair when the bell rings Works with the skeletal and nervous system to: 1. support movement 2. maintain posture 3. circulate blood and other materials around the body Skeletal Muscles = attached to the bones of your skeleton and provide the force that move your bones. Smooth Muscles= involuntary muscles that are found inside internal organs of the body Cardiac Muscle = found only in your heart. 1. Ligaments: in joints, hold bones together 2. Tendons: attach muscle to bone and can undergo tension A break in a bone in the body an injury in which a broken bone pierces the skin, causing a risk of infection A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon. Symptoms include: pain, swelling. muscle spasms, and limited ability to move the affected muscle A sprain is an injury to a ligament caused by tearing of the fibers of the ligament. The ligament can have a partial tear, or it can be completely torn apart. Sprained ligaments often swell rapidly and are painful. A person with scoliosis has a sideways curve to their spine. The curve is often S-shaped or C-shaped. Kyphosis is characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back the spine of a person with lordosis curves significantly inward at the lower back. Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle. Bursitis is a painful condition that affects the small, fluidfilled sacs that cushion the bones, tendons and muscles near your joints. The most common locations for bursitis are in the shoulder, elbow and hip Bursitis often occurs near joints that perform frequent repetitive motion. Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints, which results in pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. Arthritis involves the breakdown of cartilage, tendon, or ligaments Causes 1. 2. 3. Being Overweight Previous Injury to the joint Repetitive action: athletes, ballet dancers A condition in which the body’s bones become weak and break easily due to mineral loss. Most common in elderly women Increased risk of bone fractures Causes o Genetics o Gender o Smoking o Malnutrition o Lack of physical exercise Tendinitis is inflammation or irritation of a tendon The condition causes pain and tenderness just outside a joint. While tendinitis can occur in any of your body's tendons, it's most common around your shoulders, elbows, wrists, knees and heels.
