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Evolution Study Guide Use a highlighter or colored pencil while going through the following KEY: _____ Things that I know without any help _____ Things I know, but needed to look up something on (a little help) _____ Things that I don’t know and need to look up CHAPTER 15.1 VOCABULARY Evolution Theory Fossil KEY CONCEPTS How is natural variation used in artificial selection? How is natural selection related to a species' fitness? What evidence of evolution did Darwin present? CHAPTER 15.3 VOCABULARY Artificial Selection Struggle for Existence Survival of the fittest natural selection Descent with modification homologous structures KEY CONCEPTS How is natural variation used in artificial selection? How is natural selection related to a species' fitness? What evidence of evolution did Darwin present? Fitness Adaptation Common descent vestigial organs CHAPTER 16-3 VOCABULARY Speciation Reproductive Isolation Behavioral Isolation Geographic Isolation Temporal Isolation KEY CONCEPTS What factors are involved in the formation of new species? Describe the process of speciation in the Galápagos finches. CHAPTER 17-1 VOCABULARY Paleontologist Fossil Record Extinct Relative Dating MAIN CONCEPTS What is the fossil record? What information do relative dating and radioactive dating provide about fossils? CHAPTER 17-4 VOCABULARY Macroevolution Adaptive Radiation Coevolution Punctuated Equilibrium KEY CONCEPTS What are six important patterns of macroevolution? Convergent Evolution CHAPTER 18-1 VOCABULARY Taxonomy Binomial Nomenclature Family Order Class KEY CONCEPTS How are living things organized for study? What is binomial nomenclature? What is Linnaeus's system of classification? Genus Phylum Taxon Kingdom CHAPTER 18-2 VOCABULARY Phylogeny Evolutionary Classification Derived Character Cladogram Molecular Clock KEY CONCEPTS How are evolutionary relationships important in classification? How can DNA and RNA help scientists determine evolutionary relationships? CHAPTER 18-3 VOCABULARY Domain Bacteria Eubacteria Archaea Archaebacteria Eukarya Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia KEY CONCEPTS What are the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified? What is the three-domain system of classification? ESSAY QUESTIONS TO ANSWER: Answer each of the below to be typed and turned in. Please HIGHLIGHT pertinent vocabulary words Evolution and Biodiversity Central Concepts: Evolution is the result of genetic changes that occur in constantly changing environments. Over many generations, changes in the genetic make-up of populations may affect biodiversity through speciation and extinction. 5.1 Explain how evolution is demonstrated by evidence from the fossil record, comparative anatomy, genetics, molecular biology, and examples of natural selection. 5.2 Describe species as reproductively distinct groups of organisms. Recognize that species are further classified into a hierarchical taxonomic system (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species) based on morphological, behavioral, and molecular similarities. Describe the role that geographic isolation can play in speciation. 5.3 Explain how evolution through natural selection can result in changes in biodiversity through the increase or decrease of genetic diversity within a population.