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Chemistry of Life Chemistry of Life Elements An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances Smallest unit of an element is an atom 1 Chemistry of Life Compounds When two or more elements combine chemically Have different properties and characteristics than the individual elements Organic Compounds Compound that always contains hydrogen and carbon Examples found in living things: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids 2 Chemistry of Life Carbohydrates An energy rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Examples: Sugars, Starches, and cellulose Carbohydrates Function: 1. Supply energy for cell processes 2. Form plant structures 3. Short term energy storage 3 Chemistry of Life Lipids Energy rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorus Examples: fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and cholesterol 4 Chemistry of Life Lipids Function: 1. Store large amounts of energy long term 2. Form boundaries around cells 5 Chemistry of Life Proteins Large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur Example: enzymes, skin and hair Proteins Made of smaller molecules called Amino Acids 20 Amino Acids Combine in different ways to form different proteins 6 Chemistry of Life Proteins Enzymes a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing Function: 1. Regulate cell processes 2. Build Cell structures 7 Chemistry of Life Nucleic Acids Very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus Examples: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Nucleic Acids Function: DNA genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring RNA used to make enzymes and other proteins 8 Chemistry of Life Inorganic Compounds Compounds made from elements other than carbon. Examples: Water Calcium phosphate Hydrochloric acid Sodium bicarbonate Salts 9 Chemistry of Life Water makes up most of the blood; most chemical reactions occur in water Calcium phosphate gives strength to bones Hydrochloric acid breaks down food in the stomach Sodium bicarbonate helps the digestion of food to occur Water and Living Things Most chemical reactions in cells could not take place without water Water helps cells keep their size and shape Without water cells would be a balloon without air Helps regulate the temperature inside of the cell 10 Chemistry of Life 11
