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Trigésima Quinta Reunión Ordinaria de la
Asamblea General de ALIDE
Río de Janeiro, Brasil, 14 y 15 de junio de 2005
Pietro Masci
Banco Interamericano de Desarollo
14-15 de junio 2005
Durante la ultima década la inversión en infraestructura publica
se redujo significativamente
……Y no se compenso con aumento de la inversión privada
5%
TOTAL
Public
Private
4%
share of GDP
4%
3%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
0%
1980
1982
1984
Source: Calderon and Serven (2004)
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Porcentaje de personas que no están de acuerdo con que
la privatización de infraestructuras ha sido beneficiosa para
su país
Argent ina
Panama
Bolivia
El Salvador
Peru
Uruguay
Paraguay
Ecuador
2003
Nicaragua
1998
L.A.
Guat emala
Mexico
Venezuela
Colombia
Chile
Brazil
Honduras
0
20
40
60
80
100
La renta per capita de LAC se esta separando de la de EEUU y la de los países
de Asia se esta acercando
35%
Brazil
30%
25%
Ecuador
16%
Guatemala
14%
Honduras
12%
Nicaragua
20%
18%
Indonesia
Philippines
South East
Asia
10%
Selected
SEA
countries
El Salv ador
8%
15%
Latin America
& Caribbean
10%
6%
4%
5%
2%
0%
0%
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Latin American and Caribbean countries included i calculation
of Real GDP per capita of the region:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Barbados, Chile, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Peru, Paraguay, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay and
Venezuela.
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
South East Asian countries included in calculation of Real
GDP per capita of the region:
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People’s
Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam.
Selected South East Asian countries included in calculation
of Real GDP per capita of the region:
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and
Viet Nam.
Sources:
-For individual countries:Alan Heston, Robert Summers and Bettina Aten, Penn World Table Version 6.1. Center for International Comparisons at the University of
Pennsylvania (CICUP), October 2002.
-For regions: World Bank, World Development Indicators.
Lo mismo ocurre con la productividad del
trabajo
South East Asian countries in sample
Latin American Countries in sample
35%
Ecuador
25%
South East Asia
Indonesia
Brazil
30%
Guatemala
Philippines
20%
Nicaragua
25%
El Salv ador
20%
Honduras
15%
Latin America
15%
& Caribe
10%
10%
5%
5%
0%
0%
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Latin American and Caribbean countries included in
calculation of labor productivity of the region:
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and
Venezuela.
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Selected South East Asian countries included in
calculation of Real GDP per capita of the region:
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
and Viet Nam.
LAC Infraestructura ha caído por debajo de
China y otros países de similares niveles de renta
2500
LAC
2000
MIC
China
1500
1000
500
0
Access to
electricity (%)
Source: World Development Indicators
Roads (km/km2)
Mainline per 1000
pers
Las empresas de LAC ven la infraestructura como un
obstáculo para el crecimiento y la productividad
LAC
Middle East & North Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Europe & Central Asia
East Asia & Pacific
0
10
20
30
40
Percent of firms
Source: World Bank Investment Climate Surveys
50
60
Public Policy
Real Options
Methodology
Public Choice
Institutions
Political Economy
Performance and
Evaluation of
FMD - Data
MDBs and IMF
Economic
Factors of FMD
-Banking
-Capital Market
-Insurance
-Pension
Non economic
Financial Market
Development (FMD)
Access to
Finance SMEs
FMD and FDI
Global Financial
Architecture
Poverty
Economic Growth
Infrastructure
Financing
-Integration
-Education
-Culture
- Human
Capital
Role of
Government
Local
Currency
Regional Growth
Municipal
Financing
-Macro economy
-Fiscal discipline
-Debt management
-Government bonds
market
-Legal Framework
-Regulation
-Supervision
Financial Markets Crisis
- Strategic Vision
- Regulation
- Supervision
- Push & Leadership
- Indirect intervention
- Direct intervention
(tools of government)
-Public Sector Banks