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PHYSICAL AND HUMAN FACTORS THAT MAKE UP A REGION 8-4-14 Landforms •Landform- a natural feature of the earth's surface. Vegetation •Vegetation- plants found in a particular area or habitat. Climate •Climate- a region with reoccurring weather conditions Biomes •Biomes- a large community occupying a major habitat culture regions •culture regions- an area that has a distinct pattern of culture trade networks •Trade Networks- An exchange system where buyers connect with sellers. religion •Religion- the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods. language •Language- the method of human communication, either spoken or written political units •Political Unit- a unit of territory defined by boundaries set by political authority and usually having a separate political organization supranational organization •Supranational Organization- an area outside or beyond the authority of one national government. Trade Corridors •Trade Corridors- potential trade movement among the countries Closing Task •You are to make a T-Chart and label one side Physical Factor, the other Human Factor. •Sort the terms that we have just discussed in the appropriate column. Earth-Sun Relationships (How does one affect the other?) Weather and Climate 8/5/14 ©2012, TESCCC Weather vs. Climate Weather Conditions of the atmosphere in one place during a limited time. ©2012, TESCCC Weather vs. Climate Climate • Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time. Tilt • Tilt: the angle of incline of the Earth’s axis affects the temperature of a place. ©2012, TESCCC Revolution •Revolution: the Earth’s trip around the sun (one year) ©2012, TESCCC Rotation •Rotation: the Earth completely rotates on its axis every 24 hours. (alternating between night and day) ©2012, TESCCC Equinox • Equinox: when the Sun’s rays fall directly on the equator, day and night time hours are almost equal (Spring and Fall) ©2012, TESCCC Solstice • Solstice: One of two days (June 21 and December 22) on which the Sun’s rays strike directly on the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic of Capricorn, marking the beginning of summer and winter. ©2012, TESCCC Direct rays • Direct rays: When a hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the direct rays of the sun or angle of incidence is higher and it is summer in that hemisphere. ©2012, TESCCC Indirect rays • Indirect rays: When a hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, the direct rays of the sun or angle of incidence is lower and it is winter in that hemisphere. ©2012, TESCCC 5 Major Circles of Latitude ©2012, TESCCC Earth’s position in the solar system rd 3 Planet from the Sun ©2012, TESCCC Closing Task 8-5-14 • You will define each of the 9 terms that we have discussed today in your own words and draw a picture of it as well. Indirect Rays Equinox Tilt Direct Rays Rotation Weather Solstice Revolution Climate 8/6/14 Identify five factors that affect climate and explain how each affects climate. How does latitude affect climate? Temperature As latitude ________, increases the average decreases annual temperature _________. 0° Latitude 90° How does closeness to a large body of water affect climate? moderates the temperature. Water __________ Cooler summers. _______ Warmer winters. _______ Cities A & B are located at the same latitude. City B is closer to a large body of water. Its temperature line is flatter (moderated). •As air rises to pass over a mountain barrier it releases moisture as the air cools. This creates a wet side or windward side and a dry side or leeward side to mountain barriers. Windward sides of mountain ranges receive higher average precipitation and leeward sides of mountain ranges tend to receive lower average precipitation. How does the Orographic Effect affect climate? cool, moist Windward Side: ___________ warm, dry Leeward Side: _____________ During summer, temperature is strongly controlled by elevation -- cold at the higher reaches of the Alaska and Brooks Ranges, and warmer in the lowlands. How does elevation affect climate? Temperature increases the average As elevation _________, annual temperature __________. decreases Elevation How do ocean currents affect climate? Warm Currents: warmer climate Cold Currents: cooler climate Closing Task •Write a short paragraph describing/ discussing the factors that affect climate. The 4 Spheres 8/7/14 Lithosphere •Lithosphere – composed of the outermost shell of the earth; affected by weather, plate tectonics, erosion and soil building Atmosphere • Atmosphere – comprised of the layer of air that surrounds the earth; especially affected by wind currents Hydrosphere • Hydrosphere – comprised of all the water that is on earth including lakes, rivers, oceans and underground supplies; mostly affected by ocean currents Biosphere • Biosphere – refers to the living plants and animals that inhabit the land and water on the earth • also known as ecosystems; affected by all the physical processes directly and indirectly; climate has the most direct relationship in the creation of the earth’s biospheres Closing Task 8-7-14 • Students will create a graphic organizer on the following topics: Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere. • Students will do the following for each topic: • Define/ explain the topic • Draw a picture of the term