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400 B.C. Peloponnesian War 430404 B.C. 447-438 B.C. Callicrates, Ictinus, and Phidias oversee building of Parthenon in Athens 450 B.C. the Twelve Tables of Roman Law 480 B.C. Greeks destroy Persian fleet at Salamis. 490 B.C. Athenians defeat Persians at Marathon. 500 B.C. ATHENS, GREECE, IN THE FIFTH CENTURY B.C. Aristides, Athenan statesman, d. 468 B.C. Themistocles, Athenian statesman, 524-459 B.C. Cimon, Athenian statesman, c. 510-450 B.C. Pericles, Athenian statesman, 495-429 B.C. Nicias, Athenian general, 470-413 B.C. Alcibiades, Athenian statesman b. 450 B.C. Lysander, Spartan commander, d. 395 B.C. Agesilaus, c. 444-360 B.C. Herodotus, historian, c. 484-400 B.C. Thucydides, historian, c. 455-400 B.C. Xenophon, historian, c. 428-c. 354 B.C. Aeschylus, playwright, 525-456 B.C. Sophocles, playwright, 496-406 B.C. Euripides, playwright, ca. 480-406 B.C. Aristophanes, playwright, 446-385 B.C. Socrates, philospher, 469-399 B.C. Plato, philosopher, c. 427–c. 347 B.C. Ictinus, architect, Fifth Century B.C. Callicrates, architect, Fifth Century B.C. Phidias, sculptor, c. 490-432 B.C. MEANWHILE, IN THE NEAR, MIDDLE, AND FAR EAST, THESE MEN LIVED Darius I, r. 521-485 B.C. Artaxeres, 437-359 B.C. Darius II, r. 423-404 B.C. Ezra and Nehemiah active 450s to 420s Buddha, c . 563-483 B.C. Confucius, 551-479 B.C.