Download Reading Unit 4 Study Guide

Reading Unit 4 Study Guide
Subject/Verb Agreement
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Subjects and verbs must agree with one another in number (singular or plural)
o singular subjects need a singular verb
o plural subjects need a plural verb
Subject & Object Pronouns
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Pronouns are words that replace a noun in a sentence
o Subject Pronouns – used in the subject of a sentence
 singular subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, it
 plural subject pronouns: we, you, they
o Object Pronouns – used in the predicate of the sentence after an action verb
 singular object pronouns: me, you, him, her, it
 plural object pronouns: us, you, and them
Pronouns & Antecedents
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A pronoun takes the place of a noun
An antecedent is the noun or nouns to which the pronoun refers
o When Emily exercises, she stretches muscles and tendons. They are tight and sore.
Possessive Pronouns
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Show who or what owns, or possess, something
o my, mine, your, yours, her hers, his, its, our, ours, their, and theirs
Indefinite & Reflexive Pronouns
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Indefinite Pronouns – may not refer to a specific noun
o singular indefinite pronouns – someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody,
something, no one, either, each
o plural indefinite pronouns – few, several, both, others, many, all, some
 Example: Has anyone met the new kid?
Reflexive Pronouns – reflect the action of the verb back on the subject
o singular reflexive pronouns – myself, himself, herself, itself, yourself
o plural reflexive pronouns – ourselves, yourselves, themselves
 Example: We introduced ourselves to her.
THERE IS NO SUCH WORDS AS HISSELF, THEIRSELF, THEIRSELVES, OR OURSELF
Using Who and Whom
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Who is used in the subject form.
o Who made this mess?
o I saw a performer who could do four back flips.
Whom is the object form.
o To whom did you send a letter?
o Whom will you ask?
Comprehension & Vocabulary
 Multiple Meaning Words
o Homonym – two words with the SAME spelling, but DIFFERENT meanings
 swallow (small bird) – swallow (to take in)
 Synonym – two words with the SAME meanings
o create – make
 Cause & Effect
o cause – the reason WHY something happens
 He ate too much candy, so he had a belly ache.
o effect – what happens
 He ate too much candy, so he had a belly ache.
 Author’s Purpose – why the author wrote the story (persuade, inform, and entertain) or
why the author included things in their story (to help the reader……)
 Drawing Conclusions – using what you know (from your own experiences) and clues in
the story to create an idea
 Main Idea & Supporting Details
o main idea – the most important or central thought of a paragraph or story/text,
which tells the read what the text is about
o details – ideas that support the topic or main idea sentence in a paragraph or text
 Generalize – a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases.
Generalizations use words such as all, none, some, most, few…
o valid generalization – Most people enjoy football.
o invalid generalization – All people enjoy football.
 Compare & Contrast – to find similarities (compare) and differences (contrast) in two or
more people, places, things, etc…
 Sequence – the order of events in which a story happens
 Setting – where and when the story takes place
 Fact & Opinion
o Fact – something that you can prove
 Miss Hensel is a 5th grade teacher.
o Opinion – something that someone thinks
 Purple is the best color!