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Pancreatitis PATIENT NAME _____________________________________ SOC ______________ INITIAL Anatomy and physiology of the pancreas. ______ ______ A. It is located behind the stomach in a horizontal position with the head attached to the small intestine and the tail reaching to the spleen. ______ ______ B. The pancreas excretes a digestive juice that is emptied into the small intestine. ______ ______ C. The pancreas also produces two hormones—insulin and glucagon. Define pancreatitis. ______ ______ A. It is an inflammation of the pancreas that may be acute or chronic. ______ ______ B. Damage to the pancreas is caused by premature activation of enzymes. ______ ______ C. Chronic pancreatitis is progressive destruction of pancreatic tissue replaced by fibrotic tissue. Factors that increase risk of pancreatitis. ______ ______ A. Alcohol abuse (accounts for most chronic pancreatitis). ______ ______ B. Gallbladder disease. ______ ______ C. Drug toxicity. ______ ______ D. Pregnancy. ______ ______ E. Trauma to abdomen. ______ ______ F. Cancer. ______ ______ G. Duodenal ulcer. ______ ______ H. Mumps. ______ ______ I. High calcium levels. Signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis. ______ ______ A. Pain: ______ ______ 1. Pain usually has a sudden, severe onset following ingestion of a heavy meal or alcohol. ______ ______ 2. Pain is located in left upper quadrant of abdomen or mid upper abdomen and may radiate to the back. ______ ______ B. Nausea or vomiting. ______ ______ C. Abdominal rigidity and tenderness. ______ ______ D. Fever. ______ ______ E. Low blood pressure. ______ ______ F. Fast heart rate. ______ ______ G. Respiratory distress. ______ ______ H. Edema. 1 Pancreatitis PATIENT NAME _____________________________________ SOC ______________ symptoms of chronic pancreatitis. ______ ______ A. Dull, aching chronic epigastric pain. ______ ______ B. Jaundice. ______ ______ C. Impaired glucose tolerance. ______ ______ D. Frothy, foul-smelling stools. ______ ______ E. Weight loss. ______ ______ F. Nausea and vomiting. ______ ______ G. Symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Measures to prevent or manage pancreatitis. ______ ______ A. Avoid alcohol. ______ ______ B. Eat a bland, high carbohydrate, low fat, high protein diet. (Fat will aggravate the disease.) ______ ______ C. Take fat soluble vitamin supplements (vitamins A, D, E) and calcium as ordered. ______ ______ D. Avoid stimulants such as nicotine and caffeine (coffee, tea, colas) to decrease pancreatic secretions. ______ ______ E. Eat small, frequent meals to minimize the secretion of pancreatic enzymes. ______ ______ F. Take analgesics for pain control. ______ ______ G. Take medications as ordered. ______ ______ H. Use lotions or creams to decrease itchy dry skin. ______ ______ I. Avoid smoking. ______ ______ J. Report any symptoms of severe epigastric pain; nausea and vomiting; foul-smelling, clay-colored stools; weight loss; dark urine. ______ ______ K. Surgical intervention may be necessary. Signs and symptoms of possible complications. ______ ______ A. Respiratory distress. ______ ______ B. Jaundice. ______ ______ C. Abscess. ______ ______ D. Circulatory or renal failure. ______ ______ E. Hemorrhage/Shock. ______ ______ F. Hyperglycemia. ______ ______ G. Peptic ulcer. ______ ______ H. Infection. 2