Download Agricultural Technology - Goodheart

3
Contexts of
Technology
• Recall the major contexts in which
technology can be viewed.
• Summarize the major ages in human
history.
• Give examples of the positive and
negative impacts technology has on
society.
• Explain the seven common functional
areas of technology.
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Technological Contexts
• Historical
• Societal
• Functional
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Historical Context
• Technology
– Has always been with humans
– Can always be improved
– Has gradually developed over time
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Stone Age
• Up to about 3500 BC
– Inventions were developed without knowledge of
science
– Creativity was used to develop tools from stone
– Use of fire was mastered
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
What do you think these stone tools were used for?
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Bronze Age
• About 3500 to 1000 BC
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Farming was developed
People began to settle in villages and cities
Metal tools replaced stone ones
Building techniques were developed
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Iron Age
• About 1000 to 500 BC
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Iron became primary toolmaking material
Agriculture techniques improved
Large buildings and monuments were built
Road systems were developed
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
How does this street compare to today’s streets? What
are the reasons for the differences?
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Industrial Age
• About 1750 to late 1900s
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Demand for craftsmen grew
Focus shifted from farming to manufacturing
Factories increased rapidly
New transportation and communication
technologies
– New power sources
– Division of labor was introduced
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
How do you think everyday life changed as
society moved into the Industrial Age?
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Information Age
• Late 1900s to present day
– Rapid changes in technology
– Computer was developed
– Information processing and automation became
common
– People started to become very connected to
technology
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
What are some inventions that have contributed
to the Information Age? How have these
changed the way we live?
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Societal Context
• Technology impacts society
• Society impacts technology
– Societal need
– Available resources
– Value placed on technology
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What are some reasons you value technology?
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Scope of Society
• Societies have grown over time
• Growth is due in large part to technology
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Technology and the Individual
• Technology changes the way we live and view
the world
• Increasing demand for new technology
• Different views on:
– Communication
– Exchange of information
– Education
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
How have cell phones and the Internet changed
people’s expectations about information?
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Technology and Society
• First World countries
– Industrialized
– Have resources and desire for technology
• Third World countries
– Technologically delayed
– Poor in resources and human will
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Technology and Society (Cont.)
• Technology, by itself, is neither good nor bad
– Depends on how it is used
– Choices result in desirable or undesirable
outcomes
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Green Technology
• Goal is to create new tools and products to
meet people’s needs without taxing our
environment
• Focuses on repairing damage already done
to environment from creation and use of older
technologies
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
What impacts has globalization had on
technological development?
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Functional Context
• Technology is developed for specific uses
• Common functional areas for technology
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Agricultural technology
Communication and information technology
Construction technology
Energy and power technology
Manufacturing technology
Medical technology
Transportation technology
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Agricultural Technology
• Planting, growing, and harvesting crops
• Raising livestock
• Producing technological products using living
organisms
• Examples:
– Farming
– Fishing
– Biotechnology
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Communication and
Information Technology
• Gathering and processing information
• Sharing ideas
• Examples:
– Radios
– Televisions
– Computers
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Construction Technology
• Erecting structures
• Building civil works
• Examples:
– Buildings
– Roadways
– Power transmission lines
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Energy and Power Technology
• Converting, transmitting, and using energy
• Providing power, heat, light, and sound
• Examples:
– Electricity
– Heating
– Water power
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Manufacturing Technology
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Finding and extracting natural resources
Converting resources into materials
Converting materials into products
Examples:
– Mining
– Steelmaking
– Factory work
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Medical Technology
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Promoting health
Curing illnesses
Studying the human body
Examples:
– Prosthetics
– Vaccinations
– Illness prevention
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Transportation Technology
• Moving people
• Moving cargo
• Examples:
– Vehicles
– Terminals
– Pipelines
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Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Construction Managers
• Plan and coordinate construction work
• Manage people, materials, equipment,
budgets, and schedules
• Work at company office or construction site
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Construction Managers (Cont.)
• Need prior experience as construction
workers, supervisors, or owners of contracting
firms
• Need strong background in math, science,
computers, building practices, and
management
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
What are the three major contexts in which
technology can be viewed?
Historical context, societal context, and
functional context
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Name the major ages in human history, in
chronological order.
Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Industrial
Age, and Information Age
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
What are two negative impacts technology
has on society?
Possible answers include: The potential for
destruction, environmental problems, a
decrease in human interactions
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
Identify the seven common functional areas
of technology.
Agricultural technology, communication and
information technology, construction
technology, energy and power technology,
manufacturing technology, medical
technology, and transportation technology
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
• Agricultural technology
– Developing and using devices and
systems to plant, grow, and harvest
crops. This technology also includes
raising livestock for food and other
useful products.
• Bronze Age
– The stage in human history that took
place after the Stone Age.
• Communication and information
technology
– Developing and using devices and
systems to gather, process, and share
information and ideas.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
• Construction technology
– Using systems and processes to erect
structures on the sites where the
structures will be used.
• Energy and power technology
– Developing and using systems and
processes to convert, transmit, and use
energy.
• First World country
– A region that has resources and a desire
for technology.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
• Industrial Age
– A period in which most Western
countries changed from rural to urban,
as new machines and sources of power
were developed to support the industry
of the time.
• Information Age
– The period of time in which technology
changed rapidly.
• Iron Age
– The period from 1000 to 500 BC.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
• Manufacturing technology
– Developing and using systems and
processes to convert materials into
products in a factory.
• Medical technology
– Developing and using devices and
systems promoting health and curing
illnesses.
• Stone Age
– The period of time up to 3500 BC, when
stones were the main material for
making tools.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.
• Third World country
– A region where technological
advancement is slow, due to poor
resources and an absence of human will.
• Transportation technology
– Developing and using devices and
systems to move people and cargo from
an origin point to a destination.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.