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Chapter 5 Civil Rights
When did Civil Rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?
a. Civil rights have always been part of the Constitution.
b. Civil rights were included in the Bill of Rights.
c. Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
d. Civil rights were incorporated immediately following World War II.
e. Civil rights were incorporated when Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The Seneca Falls Convention was significant because it
a. marked the starting point of the abolitionist movement.
b. marked the starting point of the modern women’s movement.
c. marked the end of the modern women’s movement.
d. led to the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments.
e. enacted Jim Crow laws at the federal level.
Which amendments to the U.S. Constitution seemed to offer African Americans the most hope for
achieving full citizenship rights in the United States?
a. the First, Second, and Third amendments
b. the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh amendments
c. the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth amendments
d. the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments
e. The Twentieth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-second amendments
Which statement about the Reconstruction era is false?
a. African Americans held many state-level political offices.
b. Two black senators were elected from Mississippi.
c. The Constitution was amended three times.
d. Many areas of the southern states were occupied by federal troops.
e. African American voters supported the Democratic Party.
What was the Supreme Court’s response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
a. It declared the act constitutional.
b. It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not
state discrimination.
c. It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the principles of federalism.
d. It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the separation of powers.
e. The Supreme Court never heard a case concerning the constitutionality of this act.
What does the term Jim Crow refer to?
a. northern whites who sympathized with African Americans
b. the civil rights movement of the mid-twentieth century
c. the system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction
d. African American politicians during Reconstruction
e. white politicians from northern states who moved to the South during the Reconstruction era
The Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson
a. established the separate but equal rule
b. upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
c. declared that segregation by race was unconstitutional.
d. ruled that the equal protection clause did not cover private acts of discrimination.
e. ruled that the equal protection clause applied only to the federal government and not to state
governments.
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8. What best explains the increased attention the federal government paid to the problem of racial
discrimination during the 1940s?
a. The NAACP had successfully lobbied members of Congress for better federal legislation against
disenfranchisement.
b. Northern migration of African Americans increased their voting strength.
c. In a 1942 decision, the Supreme Court required desegregation in the armed forces.
d. The fight against the Nazis challenged the assumptions of white supremacy.
e. The ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment forced the federal government to act on racial
discrimination.
9. Suffragists called the Statue of Liberty “the greatest hypocrisy of the nineteenth century” because
a. it was in New York—a state that had prohibited women from owning property throughout its
history.
b. it was a gift from France and French women were frequently abused by their husbands during the
time
c. “liberty” had historically been represented as a male figure, not a female figure
d. it was supposed to represent “liberty,” yet women could not vote in the United States.
e. the statue did not wear clothes that were appropriate for women during the time
10. Which statement best describes the path to women’s suffrage in the United States?
a. Some states granted women the right to vote first, and then a constitutional amendment gave all
women the right to vote
b. A constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote, and then each state passed laws
granting women the right to vote
c. During the fall of 1920, every state passed a law granting women the right to vote, and the
United States Constitution was amended to give women the right to vote
d. The Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting women’s suffrage were unconstitutional, and all
states were forced to give women the right to vote
e. A national ballot initiative granting women the right to vote was passed by a majority of voters
in every state
11. How did the Supreme Court justify its decision to strike down the southern practice of “white
primaries?”
a. It claimed that the practice infringed upon Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce
b. It claimed that parties were “an agency of the State,” and therefore any practice of discrimination
against blacks was a violation of the Fifteenth Amendment.
c. It claimed that separate but equal elections were inherently unequal and, therefore, a violation of
the Fourteenth Amendment.
d. It claimed that only the federal government had the authority to conduct primaries under the
Constitution.
e. It claimed that the practice violated the reserved powers clause of the Tenth Amendment.
12. Which of the following was not used as a way to limit the electoral influence of African Americans?
a. poll taxes
c. restrictive
d. white primaries
b. literacy tests
covenants
e. gerrymandering
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13. What was the Supreme Court’s record in segregation cases in the years before Brown v. Board of
Education?
a. The Court overturned forms of segregation using the separate but equal rule on factual grounds.
b. The Court had struck down forms of segregation through the commerce clause, not the
Fourteenth Amendment.
c. The Court consistently refused to strike down any form of segregation.
d. The Court had already struck down separate but equal as a principle before Brown.
e. The Court had refused to hear cases on segregation before Brown.
14. “Strict scrutiny” is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve
a. racial classifications.
b. gender classifications.
c. age classifications.
d. ability classifications.
e. sexual orientation classifications.
15. Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ______ discrimination.
a. de facto
c. stare decisis
e. habeas corpus
b. de jure
d. ex post facto
16. What is the name for school segregation that results from racially divided neighborhoods rather than
state laws?
a. de facto
c. stare decisis
e. habeas corpus
b. de jure
d. ex post facto
17. Which area was not covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
a. employment
d. voting
b. public accommodations
e. military service
c. school desegregation
18. In the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Congress vastly expanded the role of the executive branch and the
credibility of court orders by
a. mandating that the southern states racially gerrymander their legislative districts to ensure that
more African Americans were elected to Congress.
b. creating the strict scrutiny test.
c. creating a Department of Civil Rights.
d. requiring that federal grants-in-aid to state and local government for education be withheld from
any school system practicing racial segregation.
e. ordering the desegregation of the military.
19. Desegregating schools in northern states proved to be difficult because
a. very few minorities lived in the North.
b. segregation in the North was generally de facto, the product of both segregated housing and acts
of private discrimination that were hard to prove
c. discrimination in the South was so visible and pervasive that little attention had been given to
other parts of the country.
d. there was less hostility toward segregation in the North.
e. there was less tax revenue to fund integration efforts in the North than in the South.
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20. One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was
a. busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones.
b. outlawing of all forms of de facto segregation.
c. opening numerous private schools and academies.
d. providing white parents with valuable tax credits if they enrolled their children in all-black
schools.
e. attracting more black students to white schools by hiring only black teachers.
21. The right to vote was strengthened in 1975 when Congress
a. made literacy tests mandatory for presidential elections.
b. made literacy tests illegal and mandated bilingual ballots or other assistance for non-Englishspeaking Americans.
c. gave women the right to vote
d. gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote
e. made poll taxes illegal.
22. To draw voting districts so that one group or party is unfairly advantaged is called
a. disenfranchisement.
d. logrolling.
b. gerrymandering.
e. redlining.
c. busing.
23. Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail to pass?
a. It won approval in the House but not in the Senate.
b. It won approval in the Senate but not in the House.
c. It was not ratified by the necessary thirty-eight states.
d. The Supreme Court had declared the amendment unconstitutionally vague before it could be
submitted to the states.
e. It was vetoed by President Gerald Ford
24. In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that
a. quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative
action could be used
b. quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were constitutional but other forms of
affirmative action were unconstitutional.
c. all affirmative action policies were unconstitutional.
d. all affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny by the courts.
e. achieving a diverse student body was not a compelling public purpose
25. In the University of Michigan affirmative action cases, the Supreme Court
a. rejected mechanical point systems for university admissions but upheld highly individualized
affirmative action policies that were designed to promote diversity.
b. upheld mechanical point systems for university admissions but rejected highly individualized
affirmative action policies.
c. rejected all affirmative action policies that address university admissions.
d. declared that affirmative action policies would no longer be subject to strict scrutiny.
e. asserted for the first time that affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny.
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