Download 02_B_AVR (PPTmin) - Colorado Space Grant Consortium

Command &
Data Handling
PCB Build
Procedure
RockOn! 2008
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What Are We
Building?
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The C&DH PCB 1:
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The C&DH PCB 2:
AVR Board
Z-Accel. Board
Data Board
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Organization:
The boards may seem like an array of confusing
electronics, but one can easily break the board into
smaller subsystems of related components.
This build is organized by different sub systems integral
to the board.
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Integral Systems:
-ATMega 32L Microprocessor
-2 MB Flash Memory
-0-15 Psi Pressure Sensor
-3-Axis Acceleration
-Temperature Sensor
-In-System-Programming
-Power Regulation
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Safety/Background
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Board Safety:
Caution:
Many of the components used in this workshop are
sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Please ensure
that you are wearing your protective wrist strap at all
times. There will be a warning slide when components
are ESD and heat sensitive.
Clipping leads can sometimes cause them to separate in
a rapid manner that could cause injury. Please take
caution when clipping leads. Wear your safety glasses at
ALL TIMES!
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Reading a Resistor:
The resistors in this workshop
have already been organized by
value.
In the event that your resistors
get mixed, please refer to the
chart at the left to classify your
resistors, or use your multimeter
If you are unsure, don’t hesitate
to raise your hand and ask for
assistance.
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Verifying Kit
Contents
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Kit Contents—PCBs:
PCBs:
- One (1) Main Board
- One (1) Data Board
- One (1) Z Accel. Board
- One (1) XY Accel. Board
-Note: All boards were
tested in-house and are
currently in working
order.
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Kit Contents—PCBs:
PCBs:
- One (1) Main Board
- One (1) Data Board
- One (1) Z Accel. Board
- One (1) XY Accel. Board
-Note: All boards were
tested in-house and are
currently in working
order.
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Kit Contents—Resistors:
Resistors:
- Two (2) 1 K Ω Resistors
-R8, R9
- Eight (8) 10 K Ω Resistors
-R1, R2 R3, R4, R5, R6,
R10, R11
- One (1) 3.3 K Ω Resistors
-Indicator
- One (1) 100 K Ω Resistor
-R7
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Kit Contents—Capacitors:
Capacitors:
- Eleven (11) .1 μF Capacitors
-C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7,
C8, C9, CX, CY, CZ
- One (1) 1 μF Capacitor
-C10
- One (1) 10 μF Capacitors
-C1
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Kit Contents—Data:
Data:
- One (1) ISP Cable
- Ten (10) 2X1 Headers
- One (1) 3X1 Header
- One (1) 4X1 Header
- Three (3) 3X2 Right Angle
Headers
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Kit Contents—LEDs:
LEDs:
- Two (2) red LEDs
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Kit Contents—DIPS/ICs/Pres. Sens. 1:
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Kit Contents—DIPS/ICs/Pres. Sens. 2:
DIPS/ICs/Press. Sens.:
- One (1) AVR DIP
AVR DIP
- One (1) AVR
AVR
- One (1) Level Shifter (LS)
Press. Sens
- One (1) LS DIP
LS DIP
LS
- One (1) Pressure Sensor
- One (1) DB9 Connector
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Kit Contents—Miscellaneous 1:
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Kit Contents—Miscellaneous 2:
Miscellaneous:
- One (1) Red LED
- One (1) Green LED
Green LED
- One (1) G-Switch
Z-Acc. Conn.
Jumper
- One (1) Jumper
- One (1) Z-Accelerometer
Connector
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Kit Contents—Miscellaneous 3:
Miscellaneous:
- Wires:
-Three (3) Blue
-Three (3) Red
Black
Red
Blue
-Two (2) Black
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Kit Contents—Transistors:
Transistors:
- One (1) NPN Transistor
-T1
- One (1) PNP Transistor
-T2
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Kit Contents—VREGS:
VREGS:
- One (1) 5V VREG
- One (1) 3.3 VREG
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Kit Contents—Diodes:
Diodes:
- Three (3) Diodes
-D1, D2, D3
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Board Check:
1
2
- Check to ensure that your boards have: flash memory
(1), a level shifter (2), and four accelerometers (3).
- Please raise your hand if any components are missing.
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Let’s Begin!
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Current Sub System:
Power Sub System:
Activation
Power Regulation Construction
Sensor Sub System:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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RBF/G-Switch Headers:
RBF Pin
G-Switch
- Solder two (2) of the 2X1 headers into the footprints
labeled RBF Pin and G-Switch.
- As always, ensure they are flush with the board.
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RDY
On
On and RDY Headers:
- Solder two more (2) of the 2X1 headers into the
footprints labeled On and RDY.
- These headers will be used for indicator LEDs.
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Power Header 1:
On
- Solder one (1) of the 2X1 headers into the footprint
labeled Power.
- This is the primary power header.
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Power Header 2:
Power
- There is a secondary power header on the opposite side of
the board. DO NOT install this header.
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Pre-Bending:
Pre-Bending 101:
- Pre-bending is a technique that allows
components to be easily inserted into a
PCB.
- Pre-bending also allows components to lay
more flush with the board.
- Bending components to the correct bend
radius takes practice, but mastering the
technique will reap rewarding benefits!
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Pre-Bending:
Pre-Bending 101:
- Start with the bending and prodding tool in
the position shown in the top picture.
- Choose a location along the length of the
tool that will yield the appropriate bend
radius.
90°
- Use your thumb to bend the lead such that
the component and lead are orthogonal.
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Diodes:
Left: Diode as it
comes in the kit.
Right: Bent
diode ready for
installation.
- Take three (3) diodes from your supplies and use the
supplied bending and prodding tool to bend the leads
at 90 degrees as shown above.
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Diodes (D1-D3):
D2
D3
D1
Black and white overlay
- Solder one (1) of the bent diodes into the footprint
labeled D1 on the board.
- Note: Diodes are polarized and the black line on the
diode must overlay the while line on the footprint.
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Diodes (D1-D3):
D2
D3
D1
- Solder one (1) of the bent diodes into the footprint
labeled D2.
- Check polarity.
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Diodes (D1-D3):
D2
D3
D1
- Solder one (1) of the bent diodes into the footprint
labeled D3.
- Check polarity.
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ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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Transistors:
Above: Bent power transistor, T1.
Above: Bent NPN transistor, T2.
- Take the power transistor, T1, and the NPN transistor,
T2, from the kit and use the bending and prodding
tool to bend the leads as shown above.
- Note: Advance to the next slide/page to place these
transistors in their footprints to determine the bend
location and radius.
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Transistors (T1):
T1
- Solder the power transistor, T1, into its footprint and
ensure that the bend allows it to lay flush with its heat
sink.
- Ensure that T1 is flush with the heat sink BEFORE
soldering it into its footprint.
- DO NOT solder T1 to the heat sink.
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Transistors (T2):
T2
- Place and solder the bent NPN transistor, T2, into its
footprint and ensure that the bend allows it to lay
flush with the board.
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Transistors (T2):
T2
- Place and solder the bent NPN transistor, T2, into its
footprint and ensure that the bend allows it to lay
flush with the board.
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Resistors:
- The next several steps install the resistors for the power
sub system. There are four (4) different types of resistors
for this sub system: 10K, 100K, 1K, and 3.3K.
- The resistors will lay more flush with the board if the
bending and prodding tool is used first to bend the
resistors are shown above.
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Resistors (10K):
R4
R3
R2
R10
- Bend four (4) of the 10K resistors in the kit as
indicated previously and solder them into footprints
R2, R3, R4, and R10.
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Resistors (1K):
R8
- Bend one (1) of the 1K resistors in the kit as indicated
previously and solder it into footprint R8.
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R9
Resistors (1K):
- Bend one (1) of the 1K resistors in the kit as indicated
previously and solder it into footprint R9.
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Resistors (100K):
R7
- Bend one (1) of the 100K resistors in the kit as
indicated previously and solder it into footprint R7.
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Power System
Test 1:
9V Supply, Flight
Pin, RDY LED
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Power System Test 1:
- Take out the multimeter that was
provided.
- Insert the red plug into the port labeled
VΩHz.
- Insert the black plug into the port
labeled COM.
COM
VΩHz
- DO NOT turn it on at this point in time.
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Power System Test 1:
- Turn on the multimeter.
- Turn the dial to the 20V setting.
- Place the red lead on the positive battery terminal.
- Place the black lead on the negative battery terminal.
- If you do not get a reading of above 9V, raise your hand.
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Power System Test 1:
+
- Set multimeter in continuity test mode.
- Place red lead on positive power terminal.
- Place black lead on GND.
- If a beep is heard, please raise your hand.
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Power System Test 1:
Jumper
- Connect your battery to the circuit (red wire is positive).
- Connect the red LED to the “RDY” header.
- Connect the jumper to “RBF Pin.”
- If the red LED does not light, please raise your hand.
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Current Sub System:
Power Sub System:
Activation
Power Regulation Construction
Sensor Sub System:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
53
RockOn! 2008
ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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3.3 Voltage Regulator:
3.3 VREG
Take one (1) 3.3 VREG from the kit (L69B) and solder it to the
board.
TIP: Place a large blob of solder (2 linear inches) onto the side
of the soldering iron’s tip, and tack the large pad on first.
Once the large pad is tacked, solder the remaining pads.
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3.3 Voltage Regulator:
5.0 VREG
Using the technique described on the previous slide, solder
one (1) 5.0 VREG onto the board as shown above.
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Capacitors (C1):
10μF(C1)
Take one (1) 10μF capacitor from the kit and solder it
into the footprint labeled C1.
Note: Unlike the Geiger build, capacitor directions are
not important for this portion of the build.
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Capacitors (C2, C6, C7):
.1μF(C2)
.1μF(C6)
.1μF(C7)
Take three (3) .1μF capacitors from the kit and solder them
into the footprints labeled C1, C6, and C7.
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Power System
Test 2:
ON LED, 3.3 V
Supply, 5.0 V Supply
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ON LED Test:
Connections:
9 V Batt.
ON LED
RDY LED
Jumper
- Connect the battery
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
G-Switch
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ON LED Test 2:
Expected Results:
9 V Batt.
ON LED
RDY LED
Jumper
- The red LED should be
illuminated
- Click the G-Switch
- The green LED should
now illuminate
- Raise your hand if you
do not see these results
G-Switch
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3.3 VREG Test:
Connections:
- Place the multimeter in 20V mode.
- Touch the black terminal to the large pad of the 3.3 VREG.
- Touch the red terminal to pin closes to the label Vreg3.3
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3.3 VREG Test:
Expected Results:
- The multimeter should read 3.3 ± 0.1 Volts.
- If you do not see these results, please raise your hand.
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5.0 VREG Test:
Connections:
- Place the multimeter in 20V mode.
- Touch the black terminal to the large pad of the 5.0 VREG.
- Touch the red terminal to pin closes to the label Vreg5.0
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5.0 VREG Test:
Expected Results:
- The multimeter should read 5.0 ± 0.1 Volts.
- If you do not see these results, please raise your hand.
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Current Sub System:
Power Sub System:
Activation
Power Regulation Construction
Sensor Sub System:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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Temperature Sensor:
Temp. Sens.
- The assistants will now give you a temperature sensor.
- Use a similar technique used on the VREGS to solder
the temperature sensor to its pads
- TIP: Have one of your partners hold it in place with the
provided tweezers while the large pin is tacked in place.
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Capacitor (C8):
Take one (1) .1μF capacitor from the kit, and solder the
capacitor into the footprint labeled C8.
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Temperature
Sensor Test
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Temperature Sensor Test 1:
Connections:
- Connect the battery
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
- Click/Activate the G-Switch
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Temperature Sensor Test 1:
Connections:
- Connect the battery
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
- Click/Activate the G-Switch
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Temperature Sensor Test 2:
Connections 2:
- Place the multimeter in 20V mode.
- Place the black terminal on the
large temperature sensor pad.
- Place the red terminal on the pin
nearest “p” in Temp.
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Temperature Sensor Test 2:
Expected Results:
- If the multimeter does not display a
voltage of 0.7 ± 0.1 Volts, please
raise your hand.
- Ensure that your partner has
his/her ESD band on and have
him/her place his/her finger on the
sensor.
- If you do not see an increase in
voltage, raise your hand.
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Current Sub System:
Power Sub System:
Activation
Power Regulation Construction
Sensor Sub System:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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Development Area:
When using the breadboard, keep in mind that other
parts will use it later, so make sure that the wires
crossing the breadboard are not so tight that the area
underneath them is unusable.
For wires, use the convention that red is power, black is
ground, and blue and white are data.
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ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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Pressure Sensor 1:
Notched PWR Pin
- Remove one (1) pressure sensor from the kit.
- Find the notched pin (shown above) that will be
connected to 5 Volts DC.
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Pressure Sensor 2:
NC
NC
Ground
NC
Data
NC
Power
NC
Power Goes Here.
- Carefully insert the pressure sensor into the breadboard.
- The row of NC pins should be in column 8.
- The notched power pin should be in row 4, column 2.
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Pressure Sensor 3:
- Now turn the board over and solder all 8 pins.
- Note: DO NOT KEEP THE IRON ON ANY PIN LONGER
THAN 2-3 SECONDS WITHOUT ALLOWING 10
SECONDS OF COOLING TIME.
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Bridging 1:
Bridging 101:
- Building in a bread board section usually calls for a
technique called “bridging.”
- If you are unfamiliar with bridging, it is used to make
electrical connection between components when pre-printed
traces do not already exits.
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Bridging 2:
Good Bridge
Bridging 101:
- To bridge, a good technique calls for bending leads and
wire over each other before clipping them.
- Once leads and/or wires are in contact, apply a generous
amount of solder to create a solder bead between the leads
of interest. See the pictures above.
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Pressure Sensor 4:
PWR Bridge
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch red wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into a 5V source.
- Insert the other end into row 4, column 1 (next to power pin).
- Bridge the red wire to the power pin on the pressure sensor.
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Pressure Sensor 5:
GND Bridge
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch black wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into GND.
- Insert the other end into row 2, column 1 (next to ground pin).
- Bridge the black wire to the ground pin on the pressure sensor.
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Pressure Sensor 6:
Data Bridge
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch blue wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into A7.
- Insert the other end into row 3, column 1 (next to data pin).
- Bridge the blue wire to the data pin on the pressure sensor.
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Pressure
Sensor Test
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Pressure Sensor Test:
Connections 1:
- Connect the battery
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
- Click/Activate the G-Switch
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Pressure Sensor Test:
Connections 2:
- Place the multimeter in 20V mode.
- Place the black terminal on GND.
- Place the red terminal on the data
(blue wire) pin.
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Pressure Sensor Test:
Expected Results:
- Your multimeter should read
between 3.5 Volts and 4.5 Volts.
- If you do not see these results, please
raise your hand for assistance.
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Pressure Sensor Test:
Expected Results:
Straw
- You should also find a red coffee
stirring straw in your kit.
- Place one end over the pressure
sensor and suck on the other end.
- You should see the voltage drop.
- If your results vary, please raise your
hand.
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Current Sub System:
Power Sub System:
Activation
Power Regulation Construction
Sensor Sub System:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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X & Y Accelerometers 1:
- Take out four (4) of the 2X1 headers from the kit. Share
pliers with your neighbors, and break one (1) 2X1
header into two (1X1) headers.
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X & Y Accelerometers 2:
2X1
2X1
2X1
1X1
- Place and solder the three (3) 2X1 headers into the 2X1
holes in the Acc footprint.
- Place and solder the one (1) 1X1 header into the 1X1
hole in the Acc footprint.
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X & Y Accelerometers 3:
- Place and solder the provided X&Y accelerometer board
onto the headers added in the previous step.
- Caution: When clipping these leads, ensure that you have
your safety glasses on. Hold the leads while clipping them.
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Capacitors (C5, CX, CY):
C5
CX
CY
- Solder three (3) of the .1μF capacitors into the footprints
labeled CX, CY, and C5.
- Note: These capacitors are located near the accelerometers
that were just mounted.
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Current Sub System:
Power Sub System:
Activation
Power Regulation Construction
Sensor Sub System:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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Z Accelerometer Header:
- Solder one (1) 4X1 header into the footprint next to the
pressure sensor.
- Note: This header will connect the Z accelerometer board to
the main board.
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Z Accelerometer Cable:
- Strip and solder the four (4) wire Z Accelerometer Connector
into the Z Accelerometer board.
- White goes to “L”, Black to “-”, Red to “+”, and Blue to “H”.
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Z Accelerometer Cable:
- Now that the wire have been soldered in, make sure that the
leads are clipped as close to the board as possible to prevent
shorting on the structural mount that will be added later.
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Capacitors (CZ and C9):
Solder two (2) .1μF capacitors into the footprints labeled C9 and
CZ on the Z accelerometer board.
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Capacitors (CZ and C9):
- Now that the capacitors have been soldered in, make sure that
the leads are clipped as close to the board as possible to
prevent shorting on the structural mount that will be added
later.
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Accelerometer
Test:
X, Y, and Z Axis
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A Summary:
At this point, you should be able to match the picture below. To
complete the accelerometer tests, make the following
connections.
Connections 1:
- Connect the battery
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
- Click/Activate the G-Switch
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A Summary:
At this point, you should be able to match the picture below. To
complete the accelerometer tests, make the following
connections.
Connections 1:
- Connect the battery
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
- Click/Activate the G-Switch
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Accelerometer Test 1:
Connections 2:
- Place the multimeter in 20V mode.
- Place the black terminal on GND or
the 3.3 VREG’s largest pad.
- Place the red terminal in A0.
Expected Results:
- You should read 2.5 ± 0.2 Volts.
- Raise your hand if you do not get
these results.
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Accelerometer Test 2:
Connections 3:
- Ensure that one partner has an
ESD strap on.
- Have this partner hold the Z
Accelerometer board flat against
the static mat.
- Keep black terminal on GND
- Move red terminal from A0
through A5.
Expected Results:
- If you do not read 2.5 ± 0.2 Volts on
all pins, please raise your hand.
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Accelerometer Test 3:
Pin Summary:
A0: X-Low Range
A1: Y-Low Range
A2: Z-Low Range
A3: X-High Range
A4: Y-High Range
A5: Z-High Range
Sanity Check:
- Have your ESD safe partner
reorient the Z Accelerometer
board and main board.
- Measure voltages on A0-A5
- If you do not see voltages other
than 2.5 Volts, raise your hand.
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ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
108
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Accelerometer Test 4:
Tilt Test 1:
- You will notice that the XY accelerometer
board has an axis definition on it.
Axis
- Have your ESD safe partner rotate the
board so that the X axis points to the
ceiling.
- Now check the voltages on pins A0 and
A3.
-You should see an increase in voltage
(above 2.5 Volts) on both, but the
change will be smaller on A3.
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Accelerometer Test 5:
Tilt Test 2:
- You will notice that the XY accelerometer
board has an axis definition on it.
Axis
- Have your ESD safe partner rotate the
board so that the Y axis points to the
ceiling.
- Now check the voltages on pins A1 and
A4.
-You should see an increase in voltage
(above 2.5 Volts) on both, but the
change will be smaller on A4.
110
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Accelerometer Test 6:
Axis
Tilt Test 3:
- You will notice that the Z accelerometer
board has an axis definition on it.
- Have your ESD safe partner rotate the
board so that the Z axis points to the
ceiling.
- Now check the voltages on pins A2 and
A5.
-You should see an increase in voltage
(above 2.5 Volts) on both, but the
change will be smaller on A5.
111
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Current Sub System:
Power Sub System:
Activation
Power Regulation Construction
Sensor Sub System:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
112
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Geiger Header 1:
- Solder one (1) 3X1 header into the bread board section of the
board.
- The left most pin should be in row1, column 11.
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Geiger Header 2:
Power (9V)
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch red wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into a 9V source.
- Insert the other end into row 2, column 12.
- Bridge the red wire to the middle pin on the header as shown
above.
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Geiger Header 3:
GND
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch black wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into GND.
- Insert the other end into row 2, column 13.
- Bridge the black wire to the right most pin on the header as
shown above.
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Geiger Header 3:
Data
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch blue wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into D2.
- Insert the other end into row 0, column 11.
- Bridge the blue wire to the pin closest to the pressure sensor
on the header as shown above.
116
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Current Sub System:
Power Sub System:
Activation
Power Regulation Construction
Sensor Sub System:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
117
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AVR Socket:
Notches
- Solder one (1) AVR DIP into the “AVR” footprint.
- Warning: Make sure that the notches are aligned as indicated
above and socket is flush with the board.
- Tip: It works well to tack two corners on the back side to
ensure it is mounted correctly before soldering all 40 pins.
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Capacitors (C3 and C4):
C3
C4
- Solder two (2) .1μF capacitors into the footprints labeled C3
and C4.
- Note: The footprints are located directly below the AVR Dip
that was installed in the previous step.
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Resistors (R1, R5, R6):
R6
R5
R1
- Solder three (3) 10K resistors from the kit and solder them into
the footprints labeled R1, R5, and R6.
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ISP
ISP Header:
- Solder one (1) right angle header into the footprints labeled ISP.
- The bent pins should be the ones that are soldered.
- Caution: When clipping these leads, ensure that you are
wearing your eye protection and holding the leads.
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Indicator LED 1:
- Solder one (1) 3.3K resistor into bread board section as
indicated above.
- The right most lead of the resistor should be in row 1, column
15.
- The left most lead of the resistor should be in row 1, column 19.
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Indicator LED 2:
Bridge
- Solder one (1) red LED into bread board section as indicated
above.
- Make sure that the flat side of the LED is adjacent to the
resistor.
- The left lead will go in row 1, column 20.
- The right lead will go in row 1, column 21.
- Turn the board over and bridge the flat side lead to the resistor.
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Bridge
Indicator LED 3:
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch blue wire.
- Solder one end of the wire into row 1, column 14 adjacent to
the resistor.
- Solder the other end into D6.
- Bridge the blue wire and resistor on the backside of the board
as indicated above.
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Bridge
Indicator LED 4:
5V PWR
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch red wire.
- Solder one end of the wire into row 1, column 22 adjacent to
the LED.
- Solder the other end into a 5 Volt source.
- Bridge the wire and LED on the backside of the board as
indicated above.
125
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Current Sub System:
Power Sub System:
Activation
Power Regulation Construction
Sensor Sub System:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
126
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Data Header:
- Solder one (1) right angle header and solder it into the
footprints labeled Data on the Main Board.
- The bent pins should be the ones that are soldered.
- Caution: When clipping these leads, ensure that you are
wearing your eye protection.
127
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Data Header 2:
Data
- Solder one (1) right angle header and solder it into the
footprints labeled Data on the Data Board.
- The bent pins should be the ones that are soldered.
- Caution: When clipping these leads, ensure that you are
wearing your eye protection.
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Level Shifter DIP:
- Solder one (1) level shifter DIP into the footprint labeled Level
Shifter.
- Tip: It works well to tack two corners on the back side to
ensure it is mounted correctly before soldering all pins.
129
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DB9 Serial Connector:
- Solder one (1) DB9 serial connector into the data transfer
board.
- Make sure that the connector is flush with the board and the
prongs are securing the board before you begin soldering.
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Resistors (R11):
- Solder one (1) 10k resistor into the footprint labeled R11.
- This resistor is adjacent to the level shifter DIP that was
installed two steps back.
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Capacitors (C10):
C10
Solder one (1) 1μF capacitor into the footprint labeled C10.
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Data LED:
- Solder one (1) red LED into the footprint labeled ON.
- Note: LEDs are polar. The flat side of the LED is the negative
side and should be placed in the footprint accordingly.
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ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
135
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AVR Insertion:
Notch
AVR
Notch
- Remove the AVR from the ESD foam.
- Align the notch from the AVR with the one on the AVR dip on
the board, and GENTLY work the AVR into the socket.
- Take your time with this, bent leads are extremely difficult to
straighten.
136
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Level Shifter Insertion:
Notch
Notch
LS
- Remove the level shifter from the ESD foam.
- Align the notch from the level shifter with the one on the level
shifter dip on the board, and GENTLY work the level shifter
into the socket.
- Take your time with this, bent leads are extremely difficult to
straighten.
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Final Products:
AVR Board
Z-Accel. Board
Data Board
138
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Congratulations!
The board is now complete
and ready for software and
testing.
RockOn! 2008
139
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Software
Walkthrough
RockOn! 2008
140
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Brains…
- Now we will make your electronics come alive
- These steps are designed to teach you how to program your
AVR and test its functionality
141
RockOn! 2008
Brains…
- Now we will make your electronics come alive
- These steps are designed to teach you how to program your
AVR and test its functionality
142
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Materials
- All necessary coding files provided
-Programs you will need
- WinAVR (Version 20071221)
- AVR Studio
- RealTerm
-Drivers for ISP and USB-to-Serial Converter
-All installed on laptop and contained on DVD-ROM
- Utility suite to assist in development
- Timer Setup Utility
- In System Memory Programming Utility
- Data Parser Utility
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AVR Studio
- Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
- Allows for easy interface to AVR from coding to device
programming
- Allows all programming to be done within 1 program
- Provides framework for platform lessons and flight code
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AVR Studio
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AVR Studio Interface
Source
Files
Active File
Header
Files
Close Up
Compiler Messages
146
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Lesson 0:
POST Test
RockOn! 2008
147
RockOn! 2008
Lesson 0: POST
- What is a POST?
- Power-On System Test
- Checks functionality of AVR board systems
- Objectives
- Verify functionality of AVR board
- Learn to load code onto the AVR
- What systems are checked?
- EEPROM memory for data memory protection
- Analog Sensors
- Flash Memory
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Lesson 0: POST
- Open Atmel AVR Studio
- On the welcoming screen, press “Open”
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Lesson 0: POST
- In the RockOn! Workshop folder on the desktop, open the
file POST/POST.aps , in the POST folder
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Lesson 0: POST
- During build, compiler warnings are okay, errors are not
- Build the code
- Click Build -> Build (F7)
- If any errors occur, check your code for typos or errors
- Ask for help if you cannot fix the error
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Lesson 0: POST
- Before making any connections to the AVR board, power to
the board should be DISCONNECTED, either at the battery
connection or at the connection pins on the board
- Be sure to take ESD precautions (put on your wrist strap)
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Lesson 0: POST
- Connect the AVRISP to the computer
- Connect the AVRISP to the AVR board
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Lesson 0: POST
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Lesson 0: POST
- NOTE: The programming
header must be connected as
shown. Flipping it around will
cause programming to fail.
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Lesson 0: POST
- Create a serial connection between the AVR board and the
computer by,
- Connecting the USB to Serial Adapter to the computer
156
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Lesson 0: POST
- Connecting the USB to Serial Adapter to the data retrieval
board
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Lesson 0: POST
- Connecting the data
retrieval board to the AVR
board
- NOTE: the orientation of
the cables must match
those shown below
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Lesson 0: POST
- Both the serial connection between board and computer and
the ISP connection between board and computer will be
needed
- The ISP connection is necessary for loading code onto
the board
- The serial connection is necessary for analysis of the
board by the computer
- For loading code or data retrieval and conversion, the AVR
board needs to be powered on and activated
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RockOn! 2008
Lesson 0: POST
- To use the USB-toSerial Converter, the
COM port it is
connected to must be
identified
- Click Start and
right click on “My
Computer”
- Left click on
“Properties”
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Lesson 0: POST
- Click on “Hardware”
- Click on “Device Manager”
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Lesson 0: POST
- Click on “Ports (COM & LPT)
- Keyspan USB Serial Port = COM4
162
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Lesson 0: POST
- At this point, connect power to the AVR board
- RDY LED should be on if the RBF jumper is inserted
- Click the G-Switch (ON LED should be activated)
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Lesson 0: POST
- Now, go to the start menu and open up RealTerm
- RealTerm allows serial communication with the AVR board
- Will be used to collect results of POST
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Lesson 0: POST
-Click on the “Port” tab
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Lesson 0: POST
- Set the baud to 19200
- Set the Port to the port for the USB-to-Serial cable
- Make sure the Open button is depressed
- Click the Change button to apply your changes
- CTS(8) and DSR(6) “lights” should turn green
166
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Lesson 0: POST
- Click on the “Display” tab
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Lesson 0: POST
- Check the “newLine mode” box
- Make sure the top bubble on the left, reading “Ascii”, is
selected
- Check the “Scrollback” box
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Lesson 0: POST
- Go back to AVR Studio
- Click the “AVR” button on the bottom toolbar
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Lesson 0: POST
- This is the image you
should have received.
- On the main tab, make
sure that ATmega32 is the
selected device, the
programming mode is ISP,
and the ISP Frequency is
125.0 kHz
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Lesson 0: POST
- If the program cannot connect to the AVRISP, make sure
that the AVRISP mkII is selected in the left menu and try
again
- If you did not get the pop-up box in the slide before, then
you are most likely at this step.
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Lesson 0: POST
- The first time you
program the AVR, you
must set the fuses.
- Click on the “Fuses” tab
- Set your fuse settings as
shown
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Lesson 0: POST
- On the “Program” tab,
click the “…” in the
FLASH section and select
“POST/post/POST.hex” as
the executable file, found
in the RockOn folder.
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Lesson 0: POST
- On the “Program” tab,
click the “…” in the
FLASH section and select
“POST/post/POST.hex” as
the executable file, found
in the RockOn folder.
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Lesson 0: POST
- Click “Program” in
the FLASH section
- While this programs,
go back to the
RealTerm window
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Lesson 0: POST
- Once the code has been programmed, click on the black text
section of the screen and press any key to begin the POST
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Lesson 0: POST
- Let the POST run (5 to 10 minutes)
- Results will be shown at the end of the POST
- If any tests fail ask for assistance from workshop personnel
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Lesson 0: POST
- Highlight text in the RealTerm window and select “CTRL
C” on your keyboard.
- Open Microsoft Word
- Select “CTRL V” to paste text
- Save file as “POST_KIT_XX.doc” to your desktop
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Lesson 0: POST
- Remove power from the AVR board
- Remove the Data Retrieval connector from the AVR board
- Close the RealTerm program
- Close the AVR Studio program
- You are now ready to start programming and testing your
AVR board
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END
Lesson 0:
POST Test
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180
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