Download Cell Transport Study Guide

Cell Transport Study Guide
Cell transport is vital to the function of biological systems. Whether it be passive transport following
the concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium, or active transport working against the concentration
gradient, cell transport is largely responsible for homeostasis in living things. The digestive system, and the
excretory system of the human body are ideal examples of cell transport in action.
Cell Membrane Structure
□ Describe the structure of the cell membrane and identify the macromolecules present
□ Relate the permeability of the cell membrane to its structure
□ Explain the role of proteins in the cell membrane
□ Explain how polarity, solubility, and size determine whether a substance will pass through the cell
membrane
□ Know which types of substances can move into a cell by simple diffusion
□ Know which types of substances require facilitated diffusion to move into a cell
□ Know which types of substances require ion channels to move into a cell
Passive Transport
□ Explain why passive transport is called passive
□ Distinguish between diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
□ Use solute and/or solvent to determine solution concentration
□ Be able to define and correctly use the following terms as they relate to cell transport: diffusion,
osmosis, concentration gradient, equilibrium, solute, solvent, turgor, hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic
□ Use the terms above to explain and/or predict movement in given situations (what direction will
water move if a cell is surrounded by a specific concentration of solute, etc.)
□ Interpret diagrams to describe net movement of materials across a membrane
□ Explain the results of the labs in the unit.
□ Determine the difference between positive feedback pathways and negative feedback pathways
Explain an example of each
□ Describe the homeostatic influence of insulin and glucagon on glucose levels in the bloodstream
Active Transport
□ Explain why active transport is called active
□ Describe the operation of the sodium-potassium pump
□ Distinguish between primary active transport and secondary active transport
□ Identify the role of the sodium potassium pump
□ Describe the process of endocytosis and exocytosis
Digestive system
□ Know the major structures of the digestive system
□ Explain the difference between physical and chemical digestion
□ Identify the major roles of the stomach, pancreas, liver, small intestine and large intestine
□ Relate the structure/design of the above structures to their role (lining/pH of the stomach, increased
surface area of villi in the small intestine, etc.)
□ Explain why the digestive system does not produce “waste”
Excretory System
□ Know the major structures of the excretory system
□ Identify parts of the nephron
□ Trace the flow of blood through the kidney
□ Identify the locations of filtration, reabsorption, and excretion
□ Relate the role of passive transport to the movement of Na+, glucose, water, and urea
□ Relate the role of active transport to the movement of Na+, glucose, water