Download Femoral vein

Venous and Lymphatic Drainage of
lower limb
Superficial veins
Small saphenous
vein
Deep veins of the lower limb
Femoral vein
External iliac vein
Internal iliac vein
Common iliac vein
Inferior vena cava
It accompanies deep artery and has the
same name with accompanying artery,
receiving venous blood from the same
region where artery supplies.
Varicose veins
In the healthy vein,
valves allow blood
to flow toward the
heart, preventing
the reflex of blood.
Gravity
Valves in varicose
veins are
incompetent,
causing blood flow
inferiorly.
Lymph Drainage of the lower limb
1 Superficial lymph vessels and nodes
superficial inguinal nodes
superficial popliteal nodes
It receives lymph from entire superficial structures of the lower limb
Deep popliteal nodes
Deep inguinal
nodes
Deep inguinal node receives lymph from all the entire lower limb.
Lymph from deep inguinal node drains into the external iliac nodes.
Joints of lower limb
Hip joint
Articular surface the head of the femur,
acetabulum of the hip bone
Ball-and socket type
Structures
1 transverse acetabular ligament
a fibrous band that bridges the
acetabular notch
transverse acetabular
ligament
3 Acetabular labrum, a rim of fibrocartilage
Deepens the acetabulum and increases
stability of the hip joint.
4 The ligament of head of femur
Head of femur
Acetabular
labrum
Extends acetabular fossa to fovea of
femoral head. It contains a small artery
The ligament of
head
of femur
of
femur
to the head.
transverse
Transverse
acetabular
acetabular
ligament
ligament
The joint capsule has been opened
Pubofemoral lig
Iliofemoral lig
Ischiofemoral lig
5 Capusle and Capular Ligaments
Capsule is thick and strong except on
the underside/
fibrous capsule is thickening to form
the capular ligament.
Iliofemoral ligament strong,
An inverted Y-shaped.
Preventing overextension of the hip
joint.
Lig of the head of
femur
Movements :
Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction
Medial-lateral rotation
Dislocation may occur
during an automobile
accident
dislocation
Knee joint
Articular surfce
two condyles of tibia and
femur, Patellar
Incongruent
Ligaments:
(1) fibular collateral ligament(FCL),
A rounded cord.
Separated from the lateral meniscus and capsule
(2) tibial collateral ligament(TCL),
A broad band, a part of joint capsule
is firmly attached to the medial meniscus
FCL
Becoming tight on extension and
less tight on flexion
TCL
Anterior cruciate ligament
Lateral condyle
posterior cruciate ligament
medial condyle
Intercondylar
area
Is covered by synovial
membrane, outside the
synovial cavity
(2) Cruciate ligaments join the femur and tibia within the joint capsule.
Anterior cruciate ligament
Preventing posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia.
Anterior cruciate lig
posterior cruciate ligament
Intercondylar
area
posterior cruciate ligament
Preventing anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia, preventing hyperflexion.
(3) Menisci of the knee
Flexible Fibrocartilage
Outer edge is thick and
inner edge is thin
Intercondylar
area
medial meniscus
Medial meniscus is C-shaped
Firmly attached to the deep surface of the tibial
collateral ligament.
Lateral meniscus is nearly circular and is
more freely mobile.
Separated from the fibular collateral ligament.
Action: deepens the articular surface of tibia
acts as cushion(absorb shock).
Lateral meniscus
(4) Articular capsule
Fibrous capsule a thin and weak.
It attaches to margins of articular surface.
A few thickened parts make up ligament
Patellar ligament
Patellar ligament is an continuation of the
quadriceps tendon.
Synovial capsule
lines all inner surface of the fibrous capsule
and cruciate ligament
Bursae, sac of synovial membrane
Suprapatellar bursa, lying deep to
quadriceps tendon
Infrapatellar bursa, lying deep to patellar
ligament, contains fat
Tibiofibular joints
Proximal tibiofibular joint，synovial
joint
Interosseous membrane,strong and
flexible
Distal tibiofibular joint, fibrous joint
The joints permit no movement between
tibia and fibula