Download Chapter 53 Practice Multiple Choice

Chapter 53 Practice Multiple Choice
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. A population is correctly defined as having which of the following characteristics?
I.
II.
III.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____
inhabiting the same general area
individuals belonging to the same species
possessing a constant and uniform density and dispersion
I only
III only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
2. You are observing a population of lizards when you notice that the number of adults has increased
and is higher than previously observed. One explanation for such an observation would include
a. reduction in death rate.
b. increased immigration.
c. increased emigration.
d. decreased emigration.
e. increased birth rate.
____
3. Uniform spacing patterns in plants such as the creosote bush are most often associated with
a. chance.
b. patterns of high humidity.
c. the random distribution of seeds.
d. competitive interactions among individuals in the population.
e. the concentration of nutrients within the population's range.
____
4. Which of the following groups would be most likely to exhibit uniform dispersion?
a. red squirrels, who actively defend territories
b. cattails, which grow primarily at edges of lakes and streams
c. dwarf mistletoes, which parasitize particular species of forest tree
d. moths in a city at night
e. lake trout, which seek out deep water
____
5. Life tables are most useful in determining which of the following?
a. carrying capacity
b. the fate of a cohort of newborn organisms throughout their lives
c. immigration and emigration rates
d. population dispersion patterns
e. reproductive rates
____
6. In order to construct a reproductive table for a sexual species, you need to
a. assess sperm viability.
b. keep track of all of the offspring of a cohort.
c. keep track of the females in a cohort.
d. keep track of all of the offspring of the females in a cohort.
e. keep track of the ratio of deaths to births in a cohort.
____
7. To measure the population of lake trout in a 250 hectare lake, 200 individuals were netted and
marked with a fin clip, and then returned to the lake. The next week, the lake is netted again, and out
of the 200 lake trout that are caught, 50 have fin clips. Using the capture-recapture estimate, the lake
trout population size could be closest to which of the following?
a. 200
b. 250
c. 400
d. 800
e. 40,000
____
8. Which of the following assumptions have to be made regarding the capture-recapture estimate of
population size?
I.
Marked and unmarked individuals have the same probability of being trapped.
II.
The marked individuals have thoroughly mixed with population after being
marked.
III. No individuals have entered or left the population by immigration or
emigration, and no individuals have been added by birth or eliminated by death
during the course of the estimate.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____
I only
II only
I and II only
II and III only
I, II, and III
9. Long-term studies of Belding's ground squirrels show that immigrants move nearly 2 km from where
they are born and make up 1 to 8% of the males and 0.7 to 6% of the females in other populations.
On an evolutionary scale, why is this significant?
a. These immigrants make up for the deaths of individuals keeping the other
populations' size stable.
b. Young reproductive males tend to stay in their home population and are not driven
out by other territorial males.
c. These immigrants provide a source of genetic diversity for the other populations.
d. Those individuals that emigrate to these new populations are looking for less
crowded conditions with more resources.
e. Gradually, the populations of ground squirrels will move from a uniform to a
clumped population pattern of dispersion.
____ 10. Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between
a. choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how
long to live.
b. producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus
fewer numbers of gametes when employing external fertilization.
c. the emigration of individuals when they are no longer reproductively capable or
committing suicide.
d. increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode
with a corresponding decrease in parental care.
e. high survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care.
Please read the paragraph below and review Figure 53.2 to answer the following questions.
Researchers in the Netherlands studied the effects of parental caregiving in European kestrels over 5
years. The researchers transferred chicks among nests to produce reduced broods (three or four
chicks), normal broods (five or six), and enlarged broods (seven or eight). They then measured the
percentage of male and female parent birds that survived the following winter. (Both males and
females provide care for chicks.)
Brood Size Manipulations in the Kestrel: Effects on Offspring and Parent Survival
Figure 53.2
____ 11. Which of the following pairs of reproductive strategies is consistent with energetic trade-off and
reproductive success?
a. Pioneer species of plants produce many very small, highly airborne seeds, while
large elephants that are very good parents produce many offspring.
b. Female rabbits that suffer high predation rates may produce several litters per
breeding season, and coconuts produce few fruits, but most survive when they
encounter proper growing conditions.
c. Species that have to broadcast to distant habitats tend to produce seeds with heavy
protective seed coats, and animals that are caring parents produce fewer offspring
with lower infant mortality.
d. Free-living insects lay thousands of eggs and provide no parental care, while
flowers take good care of their seeds until they are ready to germinate.
e. Some mammals will not reproduce when environmental resources are low so they
can survive until conditions get better, and plants that produce many small seeds
are likely found in stable environments.
____ 12. A population of ground squirrels has an annual per capita birth rate of 0.06 and an annual per capita
death rate of 0.02. Estimate the number of individuals added to (or lost from) a population of 1,000
individuals in one year.
a. 120 individuals added
b. 40 individuals added
c. 20 individuals added
d. 400 individuals added
e. 20 individuals lost
____ 13. A small population of white-footed mice has the same intrinsic rate of increase (r) as a large
population. If everything else is equal,
a. the large population will add more individuals per unit time.
b. the small population will add more individuals per unit time.
c. the two populations will add equal numbers of individuals per unit time.
d. the J-shaped growth curves will look identical.
e. the growth trajectories of the two populations will proceed in opposite directions.
____ 14. In 2005, the United States had a population of approximately 295,000,000 people. If the birth rate
was 13 births for every 1,000 people, approximately how many births occurred in the United States
in 2005?
a. 3,800
b. 38,000
c. 380,000
d. 3,800,000
e. 38,000,000
____ 15. Logistic growth of a population is represented by dN/dt =
a. rN
K
b. rN
c. rN (K + N)
d.
(K  N)
rN
e.
K
(N  K)
rN
K
____ 16. Which of the following is the pattern of spacing for individuals within the boundaries of the
population?
a. cohort
b. dispersion
c. Allee effect
d. iteroparous
e. semelparous
____ 17. Which of the following describes having more than one reproductive episode during a lifetime?
a. cohort
b. dispersion
c. Allee effect
d. iteroparous
e. semelparous
____ 18. Density-dependent factors are related to which of the following?
a. cohort
b. dispersion
c. Allee effect
d. iteroparous
e. semelparous
____ 19. In which of the following habitats would you expect to find the largest number of K-selected
individuals?
a. a recently abandoned agricultural field in Ohio
b. the sand dune communities of south Lake Michigan
c. the flora and fauna of a coral reef in the Caribbean
d. South Florida after a hurricane
e. a newly emergent volcanic island
____ 20. Field observation suggests that populations of a particular species of herbivorous mammal undergo
cyclic fluctuations in density at three- to five-year intervals. Which of the following represent (a)
plausible explanation(s) of these cycles?
a. Periodic crowding affects the endocrine system, resulting in increased
aggressiveness.
b. Increases in population density lead to increased rates of predation.
c. Increases in rates of herbivory lead to changes in the nutritive value of plants used
as food.
d. Increases in population density lead to more proximal infestations of parasites to
host animals.
e. All of the above are plausible explanations of population cycling.
____ 21. Which of the following is a density-independent factor limiting human population growth?
a. social pressure for birth control
b. earthquakes
c. plagues
d. famines
e. pollution
____ 22. Consider several human populations of equal size and net reproductive rate, but different in age
structure. The population that is likely to grow the most during the next 30 years is the one with the
greatest fraction of people in which age range?
a. 50 to 60 years
b. 40 to 50 years
c. 30 to 40 years
d. 20 to 30 years
e. 10 to 20 years
The following questions refer to Figure 53.3, which depicts the age structure of three populations.
Figure 53.3
____ 23. Which population is in the process of decreasing?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. I and II
e. II and III
____ 24. Assuming these age-structure diagrams describe human populations, in which population is
unemployment likely to be a societal issue in the future?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. No differences in the magnitude of future unemployment would be expected
among these populations.
e. It is not possible to infer anything about future social conditions from age-structure
diagrams.
____ 25. Most ecologists believe that the average global carrying capacity for the human population is
between
a. 5 and 6 billion.
b. 6 and 8 billion.
c. 10 and 15 billion.
d. 15 and 20 billion.
e. 20 and 25 billion.
Chapter 53 Practice Multiple Choice
Answer Section
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Concept 53.1
Concept 53.1
Concept 53.1
Concept 53.1
Concept 53.1
Concept 53.1
Concept 53.1
Concept 53.1
Concept 53.1
Concept 53.2
Concept 53.2
Concept 53.3
Concept 53.3
Concept 53.3
Concept 53.4
Concept 53.1
Concept 53.2
Concept 53.4
Concept 53.4
Concept 53.5
Concepts 53.5-53.6
Concept 53.6
Concept 53.6
Concept 53.6
Concept 53.6