Download Europe Enters the Modern Age PowerPoint

EUROPE ENTERS THE MODERN AGE
Objective:
Students will
analyze the
motives and
technology that
allowed the age of
exploration come
to pass.
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
Age of
Exploration:
a period of
European
exploration
and discovery
that lasted
from about
1418 to 1620
Think, Pair, Share
A period of European exploration and discovery that
lasted from about 1418 to 1620 is referred to as…
The Age of Exploration.
TERMS TO KNOW
Motives: something that causes a person or people to
act.
Cartography: the science and art of making maps.
Circumnavigate: to sail all the way around the world.
At the same time that Europe was swept up in the
Renaissance, Scientific Revolution and the Reformation,
other major changes were taking place in the world. These
changes originated in Europe, but soon involved other
continents. The changes began with a series of voyages
during the 1400s, 1500s, and early 1600s when European
explorers ventured into the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
With today’s global positioning satellites, Internet maps,
cell phones, and superfast travel, it is hard to imagine
exactly how it might have felt to embark on a voyage
across an unknown ocean.
Think/Pair/Share: Would you be willing to undertake such
a voyage? Only those most adventurous, most daring, and
most confident in their abilities to sail in any weather,
manage any crew, and meet any circumstance dared do so;
for not having those qualities meant certain death.
Whiteboards
To sail all the way around the world is referred to as…
Circumnavigation
Something that causes a person or people to act is...
Motives
The science and art of making maps.
Cartography
European explorers changed the world in many dramatic
ways. Because of them, cultures divided by 3,000 miles or
more of water began interacting. European countries
claimed large parts of the world. As nations competed for
territory, Europe had an enormous impact on people living
in distant lands.
The Americas, in turn, made important contributions to
Europe and the rest of the world. For example, from the
Americas came crops such as corn and potatoes, which
grew well in Europe. By increasing Europe’s food supply,
these crops helped create population growth.
Whiteboards
From where did the Age of Exploration begin?
From Europe
Name 2 items that came from the New world to Europe?.
1. Corn. 2. Potatoes
Which oceans were involved and were they
underestimated by the navigators?
1. The Atlantic
The Pacific
3. They were woefully underestimated.
THE CAUSES OF EUROPEAN
EXPLORATION
Two main reasons stand out. First, Europeans of this
time had several motives for exploring the world.
Second, advances in knowledge and technology
helped to make the Age of Exploration possible.
 For early explorers, one of the main motives for
exploration was the desire to find new trade
routes to Asia. Europeans were especially
interested in spices from Asia.
 Trade with the East, however, was difficult and
very expensive. Muslims and Italians controlled the
flow of goods. European monarchs and merchants
wanted to break the hold that Muslims and Italians
had on trade. A final motive for exploration was
the desire to spread Christianity beyond Europe.
ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND
TECHNOLOGY
A number of advances during the Renaissance made it
easier for explorers to venture into the unknown. One key
advance was in cartography, or mapmaking.
Discoveries by explorers gave mapmakers new information
with which to work. In 1507, a German cartographer made
the first map that clearly showed North and South
America as separate from Asia. In turn, better maps
made navigation easier.
Whiteboards
What was a main motive for European exploration?
A. Finding spices from the Americas.
B. Finding new trade routes to Asia.
C. Finding people who could make better ships.
D. Finding foods that would not spoil on long voyages.
B. Finding new trade routes to Asia.
Whiteboards
CARAVELS
 An improved ship design also helped explorers.
By the 1400s, Portuguese and Spanish
shipbuilders were making a new type of ship
called a caravel.
 These ships were small, fast, and easy to
maneuver. Their special bottoms made it easier
for explorers to travel along coastlines where
the water was not deep.
 Caravels also used lateen sails, a triangular style
adapted from Muslim ships. These sails could be
positioned to take advantage of the wind no
matter which way it blew.
THE CARAVEL
Along with better ships, new navigational tools
helped sailors travel more safely on the open seas.
Sailors used compasses to find their bearing, or
direction of travel. The astrolabe helped sailors
determine their distance north or south from the
equator.
Finally, improved weapons gave Europeans a huge
advantage over the people they met in their
explorations. Sailors could fire their cannons at
targets near the shore without leaving their ships.
On land, the weapons of native peoples often were
no match for European guns, armor, and horses.
Whiteboards
Which of these is an advance in knowledge and
technology that led to European exploration?
A. A desire to spread Christianity.
B. A chance to earn wealth from new lands.
C. Improved ship design
D. Merchants who wanted to increase trade.
C. Improved ship design
END OF PART I
EUROPE ENTERS THE MODERN AGE
Objective: Students
will be able to list
the discoveries of the
Portugese explorers.
COPY THIS SUMMARY INTO YOUR NOTES
Henry the Navigator
Portugese prince who started a
school of Navigation.
PORTUGAL BEGINS THE AGE OF
EXPLORATION
The major figure in early Portuguese exploration was
Prince Henry, the son of King John I of Portugal.
Nicknamed “the Navigator,” Prince Henry was not an
explorer himself. Instead, he encouraged exploration and
planned and directed many important expeditions.
Beginning in about 1418, Henry started a school of
navigation where sailors and mapmakers could learn their
trades. His cartographers made new maps based on the
information ship captains brought back.
Henry’s early expeditions focused on the west coast of
Africa.
Gradually, Portuguese explorers made their way farther
and farther south.
COPY THIS SUMMARY INTO YOUR NOTES
Henry the Navigator
Bartolomeu Dias
Vasco da Gama
Pedro Cabral
Portugese prince who started a
school of Navigation.
the first European to sail around
the southern tip of Africa.
First European to establish a
direct route to India.
Discovered the east coast of
present day Brazil.
VASCO
DA
GAMA
In July
1497,
Vasco da
Gama set
sail with
four ships
to chart a
sea route
to India.
Da Gama
arrived in
the port
of Calicut,
India, in
May 1498.
PEDRO
CABRAL
In 1500,
Pedro
Cabral
(kahBRAHL)
set sail
for India
with a
fleet of
13 ships.
ROUTES OF PORTUGUESE EXPLORATIONS
Whiteboards
Which Portuguese explorer sailed around Africa and across
the Indian Ocean to reach India?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Batholomeu Dias
Prince Henry
Pedro Cabral
Vasco Da Gama
D. Vasco Da Gama
PORTUGAL CONTROLS THE
INDIAN OCEAN
 Portugal’s control of the Indian Ocean broke the hold
Muslims and Italians had on Asian trade. With the increased
competition, prices of Asian goods—such as spices and
fabrics—dropped, and more people in Europe could afford to
buy them.
 During the 1500s, Portugal also began to establish
colonies in Brazil. The native people of Brazil
suffered greatly as a result. The Portuguese forced
them to work on sugar plantations, or large farms .
 As the native population of Brazil decreased, the
Portuguese needed more laborers. Starting in the
mid–1500s, they turned to Africa for slave labor.
Think, Pair, Share
What contributions did Portugal
make to the Age of Exploration?
END OF PART II