Download Astronomy Test - The Summer Science Safari Summer Camp

Second Semester 8th Grade Science Review (2008/2009)
Astronomy (Chapters 22/23)
1. Describe the contributions of the 7 astronomers described in Chapter 22 Section 1.
2. According to the big bang theory, the age of the universe is about:
3. Astronomers often place telescopes on mountaintops because:
4. Describe the two types of telescopes. Include a description of the advantages and disadvantages of each
5. If you see a quasar that is 6 billion light-years away, how old is the light you are seeing?
6. What is the Big Bang Theory? What evidence is used to support it??
7. What type of galaxy is our Milky Way galaxy?
8. What type of stars are the majority of stars in our galaxy?
9. How do we measure the distance between objects in space?
10. How would you describe the hottest stars in the sky?
11. If two stars are different colors, we can infer that they have different:
12. When you look at white light through a glass prism, you see a rainbow of colors called:
13. The actual brightness of a star is called its:
14. The apparent change in location of an object is called:
15. When the core of our sun runs out of hydrogen, and falls off of the main sequence, it will first become a
___________ start before it eventually becomes a white dwarf.
16. A ____ forms when the leftovers of a supernova are so massive that they collapse to form a dense object
whose gravity is so strong that light cannot escape it.
Plate Tectonic
17. Why is the Plate Tectonic Theory a better theory than the Continental drift Theory?
18. If new crust is being created at the mid-ocean ridges, then why is the earth not getting larger?
19. The Continental Drift Theory was not accepted when proposed because:
20. Alfred Wegener thought that all of today's continents were once joined in a huge continent that he
called:
21. Describe the three main types of plate boundaries. How do the plates move, what land features are
formed, examples, and if they include a Subduction zone.
22. Sea-floor spreading occurs at a ____ boundary.
23. What evidence was used to support the theory of continental drift?
Rock and Rock Cycle Chapter 15
24. Be able to interpret The Rock Cycle from a diagram.
25. What is the process where sediments are hardened into rock by compaction and cementation?
26. What type of sedimentary rock that forms when oceans and rivers evaporate?
27. Fossils are found mostly in __________ rock.
28. Molten rock below the earth’s surface is called:
29. Igneous rocks that cool slowly have this type of texture:
30. Layers in sedimentary rock are called:
31. Process where sediment is squeezed or pressed together:
32. Igneous rocks that are denser, darker in color, and are composed of mostly of Fe and Mg:
33. Rocks formed from magma or lava are called:
34. What is weathering and what are its agents?
35. What is erosion and what are its agents?
36. A type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools deep in the earth:
37. What is the process that involves heat, pressure, melting, cooling, and sedimentation which changes
rocks from one type to another.
38. What is the type of metamorphic rock that has parallel bands?
Genetics and the Environment - Chapter 10
39. Describe the three types of symbiotic relationships. Give an example of each.
40. Describe the predator-prey relationship and give an example.
41. When a population grows larger than its carrying capacity, limiting factors in the environment cause the
population to:
42. Define incomplete dominance.
43. If you cross a plant that has yellow seeds (with the genotype Yy) with a plant that has green seeds (with
the genotype yy), the possible genotypes and phenotypes in the offspring are:
44. A trait that helps an organism survive in its environment is called a(n)
45. The key to natural selection is:
46. Describe and give an example of the four steps in Darwin's theory of natural selection.
47. What is a learned behavior?
48. The organism’s appearance is known as its:
49. A tick sucks blood from a dog. In this relationship, the tick is the ____ and the dog is the ____.
50. What conditions would make resources such as water, food, or sunlight are more likely to be limiting
factors?
Structure of the Earth
51. Tectonic plates are large pieces which earth layer?
52. Tectonic plates move on top of which earth layer?
53. Earth's oceanic crust is ____ ( thinner, thicker) and (less dense, denser)than the continental crust.
54. Which layer is the densest?
55. __________ is the ability of a solid to flow like a liquid when put under pressure.
56. Folded mountains are caused by ____________.
57. The _________ is the only layer of the Earth that we have actually seen.
58. ____________ keeps the inner core from becoming liquid.
59. In which layer of the Earth are convection currents believed to occur?
Topographic Maps
Use the topographic map below to answer the following questions.
60. What could be represented at point B?
61. What is the elevation at point A?
62. What is the contour interval for this map?
63. Where would you find the steepest slope on this map?
64. If you travel from point B to point C, you would be traveling?
Geologic Time/Relative Dating/Absolute Dating
65. The shortest era is called the _________ Era.
66. Scientist believe that the age of the earth is
67. The smallest division of geologic time listed is a (n)
68. The largest period of geologic time listed is a (n)
69. The oldest fossils, which are blue-green algae, are called
70. The possible cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Mesozoic Era was
71. The era we now live in is the __________ Era.
72. At the end of the Paleozoic Era, extinction of many organisms occurred. What caused this to happen?
73. Scientist divide geologic time into eras based on
74. During which era did the greatest extinction occur?
75. Fossils are
76. Why do so few fossils remain today?
Structure of the Earth/Faulting/Folding
77. The type of stress that involves rocks being squeezed together is called __________.
78. The stretching or pulling apart of rocks is called:
79. Folded mountains are caused by ____________.
Be able to correctly label a normal, reverse, and strike-slip fault
Be able to identify the hanging wall and foot wall of a fault
Be able to correctly label each type of fold.
Waves (Chapter 7 )
Label diagram below.
80. Label diagram below
81. What is a medium?
82. What type of wave interaction explains why sound waves can be heard around corners?
83. Waves transfer :
84. Refraction occurs when a wave enters a new medium at an angle because
85. Which waves do NOT require a medium to travel?
86. Light waves travel fastest through
87. Sound waves cannot travel through
88. __________ is the result of two or more waves overlapping.
89. As the frequency of a wave increases, the ____ increases.
90. The number of waves produced in a given amount of time is called the ____ of a wave.
Below are illustrations of waves. Study the illustrations, and answer questions.
91. Which wave has the largest amplitude?
92. Which wave has the LEAST energy?
93. Which wave has the longest wavelength?
94. Electromagnetic waves are made of
95. The electromagnetic spectrum is arranged according to
96. A(n) ____ can travel through space or matter.
Force and Motion
97.
Friction is a force that
98.
A force
99.
If passengers on an airplane watch another plane passing by them, their reference point is the
100.
The distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel that distance is equal to an object's
101.
You are in Chicago, Illinois. You decide to head south to Austin, Texas. In 1 hour, you travel 80 km.
Your velocity is
102.
If a bus traveling 15 m/s south increases its speed to 20 m/s, it has changed its
103.
A car traveling 20 m/s south enters a new highway going east at 20 m/s. The car has
104.
Decreasing velocity could be referred to as
105.
The moving blades of a windmill are an example of
106.
Which of the following situations involves a force being exerted?
107.
Balanced forces applied to an object
108.
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching is
109.
A good rule to observe when you are around a swimming pool is "no running." The wet deck around the
pool is very slippery because of
110.
Your class and another class have a tug-of-war contest. In order to win, your class must
111.
One Saturday you go on a picnic. Although there is a slight breeze, the napkins stay on the tablecloth
because of
112.
Because the moon's gravitational force is one-sixth that of Earth's, an astronaut's weight on the moon is
113.
A golf ball and a bowling ball are moving at the same velocity. Which has more momentum?
114.
According to Newton's first law of motion, a moving object that is not acted on by an unbalanced force
will
115.
Newton's third law of motion states that if a force is exerted on an object, another force occurs that
You have four vehicles, all driving at the same velocity side-by-side on a four-lane highway. They are a fully-loaded
truck, an empty truck, a midsize van, and a small car.
116.
Which one has the MOST momentum?
117.
If all the vehicles brake at the same time because there is a collision ahead, which one will come to a
complete stop FIRST?
118.
Inertia is used when explaining Newton's
119.
If a car driver suddenly makes a sharp turn, the passenger slides to the side of the car because of