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Electric Power Grid • A turbogenerator - nonlinear, non-stationary, fast acting, MIMO device, wide range of operating conditions and dynamic characteristics. • Conventional AVRs, PSSs and turbine governors • linearized power system model • one operating point (OP). • At any other Ops • generator performance degrades • undesirable operating states. Load angle in degrees Load Angle Response for an Inductive Load Addition at bus 7 for P = 0.3 pu & Q = 0 pu 35 30 25 Load angle in degrees 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 CONV-CONV CONV-PSS_CONV DHP-CONV DHP-DHP 18 19 20 Time in seconds – Alternator #2 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 F ACTS ar e us ed for t he dynamic contr ol of v olt age impedance and phase angle of high voltage AC lines. The benefit s of ut ilizing FA CTS dev ices in elect rical t ransmission sys tems are • • • 10 15 20 Time in seconds – Alternator #1 25 • B et ter ut ilization of ex isting tr ans mis sion syst em ass ets. Incr eas ed tr ans miss ion system reliability and availab ility. Incr eas ed dynamic and t rans ient grid st ab ility and r educt ion of loop flows . Incr eas ed quality of supply for sens itive indust ries. Env ironmental benefits . NEW ENGLAND POWER SYSTEM Flexible AC Transmission Systems Tech nical Benefit s of FACTS : FACTS Load Flow Control Voltage Control Transient Stability Dynamic Stabiliy SVC STATCOM TCSC • CONV-CONV CONV-PSS-CONV DHP-CONV/DHP Off-line testing result of MLP trained with BP Flexible AC Transmission Systems 45 40 On-line training result of MLP trained with BP UPFC Financial Benefit s of FAC TS: •Add itional Sales due to increased t rans mis sion capability. •Add itional wheeling charges due t o increased tr ans mis sion capab ility. •Av oid ing delay of inves tments in new h igh voltage tr ans miss ion lines or even new power gener at ion. G8 Main types of FACTS devices are: • • • • • Static Var Compensators (SVC’s) Thyristor Controlled Series Compensators (TCSC’s) Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) Steady State Applications: - Voltage limits - Thermal limits - Loop flows - Short circuit levels - Subsynchronous resonance. G10 Applications of FACTS devices: Steady State applications • The increasing complexity of a modern power grid highlights the need for advanced system identification and control techniques for the power system. This poster displays work using intelligent nonlinear identification and control techniques. Each turbogenerator in the power system is equipped with a neuroidentifier, which is able to identify its particular turbogenerator and the rest of the network to which it is connected from moment to moment, based on only local measurements. Each neuroidentifier can then be used in the design of a nonlinear neurocontroller for each turbogenerator in such a multimachine power system. Results for the neuroidentifiers are presented to prove the validity of the concept. The FACTS devices and their benefits in power system control are also presented. Conventional Control Machines Research Laboratory University of Natal, South Africa • Dynamic Applications 26 28 29 8 27 10 9 25 31 18 39 FACTS 32 17 G6 16 15 14 G1 33 1 35 • - Post Contingency Voltage - Control - Voltage Stability Homeland Security and Force Protection – Science and Technology Conference, August 7 -8 , 2002, Ft Leonard Wood, Missouri, USA 12 34 6 21 22 19 11 36 • Dynamic Applications - Transient Stability - Dampening G9 24 37 13 30 2 4 20 23 G4 G2 7 3 5 G7 38 G3 G5 Location of FACTS devices can be determined using Heuristic techniques such as Genetic Algorithm, Adaptive Critic Designs and Power Flow Performance Index, etc.