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Transcript
Bergey’s Volume 2 – Gram Positive Bacteria of Importance 1) Gram positive spheres: •Micrococcus •Staphylococcus •Streptococcus Micrococcus • Demos chromogenicity • Isolated from human and animal skin, dairy products and beer • Breaks down compounds in sweat to produce odors • Not typically pathogenic • Can create superficial infections in immuno suppressed Staphylococcus • Assoc with skin, skin glands, and mucus memb. • High osmotic pressure/low H2O • Readily deposited on fomites • Most important pathogen = S. aureus • Can cause pathogenesis at 3 locations: – Skin – G.I. Tract – Lower respiratory Staphylococcus and skin infections • Coagulase + SA highly correlated with toxin production • Exfoliative toxin and SSS • Folliculitis --> stye or boil • Also cases of impetigo Staphylococcus and GI tract • Food intoxication (Staph and Clostridium) • From staph enterotoxin • Staphylococcal food poisoning is acute • In foods containing hi protein – Ham – Poultry – Potatoe and egg salads Staphylococcus and the respiratory tract Most cases of Staph RTI are nosocomial in origin Wash hands well and often!!! Streptococcus • CA of disease variety – – – – – – Dental caries Sore throat Otitis media Septicemia Pneumonia Endocarditis • Arsenal of toxins/enzymes Many diseases caused by Strep A = S. pyogenes – – – – Hemolysins Leukocidins Erythrogenic toxin Cardiohepatic toxin Cell wall proteins and carbo’s Strep A – S. pyogenes • B-hemolytic • Respiratory -> invasive – Strep throat -> septicemia – Cross-reactivity of Ag’s can cause rheumatic fever (sequela) – Erythrogenic toxin causes red rash of scarlet fever Strep A – S. pyogenes and skin • “flesh-eating” bacteria • Rapidly destroys tissue and invades – Cellulitis (tissue) – Myositis (muscle) – Necrotizing fasciitis (covering) • STSS = Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Typical pneumonia: S. pneumoniae • No toxin related to this disease • Hi fever, chest pain, difficult breathing • Inflamed lungs – Vasodilation – Alveoli fill with RBC’s – Alveoli fill with fluid Vaccine of purified capsule