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Atomic Structure: SOL Review #2 Notes
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Chapters 3, 4, 5, Nuclear Chemistry
Atomic Particles (Chapter 3)
Particles
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Mass number
Atomic number
1 amu, +1 charge
1 amu, no charge
0 amu, -1 charge
Protons + neutrons
Number of protons
Determines the identity of the atom


Isotope
Different versions on an element
Same number of protons, different numbers of neutrons
Isotope symbol
Ion
Atom with a charge
Solve for neutrons
Neutral atoms
Solve for charge
Atomic Mass
Cation + charge, lost electrons
Anion - charge, gained electrons
Mass number – atomic number
(p+n)
(p)
Protons = electrons
charge = p – e
OR think of charge as a balance of positive and negative
𝐴𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 = (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝐴 × 𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴)
+ (𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝐵 × 𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐵) + ⋯
Electron Configuration (Chapter 4)
example: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Orbital diagrams
*two electrons max
*opposite spin
*singly before pairing
Periodic Trends (Chapter 5)
 Atomic Radius – distance from nucleus to outer electrons
(PreIB only) Shielding – inner electrons “blocking” or “shielding” the valence electrons from the pull of the nucleus.
 Ionization Energy – energy needed to remove an electron
 Electronegativity – ability of an atom to attract an electron
TIME
AMOUNT
Nuclear Chemistry
0
Amount at beginning
Half life
Divide amount by 2
 Radiation – an unstable nucleus releases radiation (such as alpha, beta, gamma)
Divide amount by 2
 Half-life – amount of time it takes for half the mass of a radioactive sample to decay Add half-life
Add half-life
Divide amount by 2